Risk factors for the development of respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnoea in newborn infants

Abstract

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnoea (TT) are the most frequent acute respiratory diseases in the newborn. This study investigated the risk factors for RDS and TT in newborn infants.A population of 63,537 newborns was enrolled in a 12-month survey in Italy, 734 (1.15%) affected by RDS and 594 (0.93%) affected by TT. Multivariate regression analysis of maternal and perinatal data and the calculation of odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) were performed.It was demonstrated that gestational age, birthweight, maternal age, elective and emergency caesarean section (CS), and male sex were risk factors for RDS, while gestational age, maternal diseases, twinning, birthweight, operative vaginal delivery, elective and emergency CS, and male sex were risk factors for TT.The data confirm previous reports and demonstrate that advanced maternal age is a risk factor for RDS, while ruling out maternal diseases as independent risk factors for RDS. Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 155±159. Morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period are mainly due to respiratory disorders, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), with transient tachypnoea (TT) being the most frequent. Recently, only a few area-based prospective studies have been carried out evaluating the occurrence of acute respiratory illness and its risk factors. Moreover, virtually none have been performed after the introduction of antenatal induction of lung maturity. In 1981, HJALMARSON [1] related the frequency of acute respiratory disorders to gestational age, birthweight, sex and postnatal asphyxia and, in 1994, BONAFE Á and RUBALTELLI [2] related the incidence of neonatal respiratory disorders to gestational age and birthweight.The purpose of this study was to investigate maternal and perinatal risk factors for RDS and TT in newborn infants. The Italian Group of Neonatal Pneumology performed a multicentre prospective study with the primary end point of evaluation of the incidence of major acute neonatal respiratory illnesses and related complications [3]. The collected data set was large enough to permit examination of the perinatal and maternal risk factors for the development of RDS and of TT in the neonate.

Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin in Preterm Babies with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

“…EuroNeo Net figures for 2010 show an incidence of 92 % at 24-25 weeks of gestation, 88 % at 26-27 weeks, 76 % at 28-29 weeks and 57 % at 30-31 weeks [1,2]. Prematurity is the main cause of RDS [3]. The basic physiopathologies of RDS are mulifactorial including impaired gas exchange, decreased static compliance, and alveolar collapse due to the lack of surfactant, pulmonary edema caused by disruption of alveolo-capilar membrane integrity and finally lung injury [1,4].…”

Clinical study of respiratory distress in newborn

“…Similar results were observed in the study done by Dani C, where it was observed that mothers >32 years of age were at a higher risk of delivering babies with respiratory distress. 8 …”

“…13 However in the study done by Dani C, it was observed that that there is no significant association with respiratory distress and the sex of the baby. 8 …”

“…Similar results were observed in the study done by Dani C, it was seen that the incidence of respiratory distress was more in the first pregnancy and after the fourth pregnancy. 8 However Mathur NB has shown that multigravida was a risk factors for developing respiratory distress in new-borns. 9 Prolonged labour in the primigravida may be the reason for development of respiratory distress in neonates in the present study.…”

Association of serum vitamin D levels and transient tachypnea of newborn: a case control study

“…Criteria used to diagnose or label a neonate having TTN were clinical signs of respiratory distress (tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, retractions and cyanosis), tachypnea which persisted 48-72 hours, chest X-ray consistent with TTN (hyperaeration, perihilar streaking, flattening of diaphragm and pleural or interstitial fluid) and absence of any diagnosis leading to respiratory distress. 19 Neonates with hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, polycythemia, meconium aspiration, any congenital cardiac, respiratory or central nervous system malformation, septicemia and birth asphyxia were excluded. Controls were classified as neonates born at term gestation by elective LSCS due to one of similar sets of indications in mothers as of cases and who did not develop respiratory distress and had no other indication for admission at birth.…”