Risk Factors for the Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Different Types of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Chen, Pei-Hao; Cheng, Shih-Jung; Lin, Hao-Yang; Lee, Chuo-Yu; Chou, Chih-Ho

doi:10.1155/2018/6929732

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The mean number of chronic illnesses and the Charlson index were significantly higher in persons diagnosed with dementia compared to those with MCI or non-impaired individuals. A retrospective longitudinal study from Taiwan compared baseline clinical characteristics of 279 patients and compared those who remained to MCI and those who progressed to dementia (43). They identified significantly higher extent of dyslipidaemia in those with stable MCI and a borderline higher rate of depression in those who progressed to dementia.…”

Section: Co-morbidities In Participants With Dementia MCI and Non-imentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Primary Care: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Based on Findings From a Large Cross-Sectional Study in Crete, Greece

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Dementia severely affects the quality of life of patients and their caregivers; however, it is often not adequately addressed in the context of a primary care consultation, especially in patients with multi-morbidity.Study Population and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March-2013 and December-2014 among 3,140 consecutive patients aged >60 years visiting 14 primary health care practices in Crete, Greece. The Mini-Mental-State-Examination [MMSE] was used to measure cognitive status using the conventional 24-point cut-off. Participants who scored low on MMSE were matched with a group of elders scoring >24 points, according to age and education; both groups underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological assessment. For the diagnosis of dementia and Mild-Cognitive-Impairment (MCI), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-of-Mental-Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria and the International-Working-Group (IWG) criteria were used. Chronic conditions were categorized according to ICD-10 categories. Logistic regression was used to provide associations between chronic illnesses and cognitive impairment according to MMSE scores. Generalized Linear Model Lasso Regularization was used for feature selection in MMSE items. A two-layer artificial neural network model was used to classify participants as impaired (dementia/MCI) vs. non-impaired.Results: In the total sample of 3,140 participants (42.1% men; mean age 73.7 SD = 7.8 years), low MMSE scores were identified in 645 (20.5%) participants. Among participants with low MMSE scores 344 (54.1%) underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation and 185 (53.8%) were diagnosed with Mild-Cognitive-Impairment (MCI) and 118 (34.3%) with dementia. Mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F99) and diseases of the nervous system (G00-G99) increased the odds of low MMSE scores in both genders. Generalized linear model lasso regularization indicated that 7/30 MMSE questions contributed the most to the classification of patients as impaired (dementia/MCI) vs. non-impaired with a combined accuracy of 82.0%. These MMSE items were questions 5, 13, 19, 20, 22, 23, and 26 of the Greek version of MMSE assessing orientation in time, repetition, calculation, registration, and visuo-constructive ability.Conclusions: Our study identified certain chronic illness-complexes that were associated with low MMSE scores within the context of primary care consultation. Also, our analysis indicated that seven MMSE items provide strong evidence for the presence of dementia or MCI.

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Section: Co-morbidities In Participants With Dementia MCI and Non-imentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Primary Care: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Based on Findings From a Large Cross-Sectional Study in Crete, Greece

et al. 2020

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“…The prevalence of behavioural abnormalities associated with age-related cognitive decline is growing in older people [1]. Age is the most important risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia because of natural changes like neuronal death or functional impairments [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel NMDA Receptor Antagonist Protects against Cognitive Decline Presented by Senescent Mice

et al. 2020

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. Non-competitive N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine improved cognition and molecular alterations after preclinical treatment. Nevertheless, clinical results are discouraging. In vivo efficacy of the RL-208, a new NMDA receptor blocker described recently, with favourable pharmacokinetic properties was evaluated in Senescence accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8), a mice model of late-onset AD (LOAD). Oral administration of RL-208 improved cognitive performance assessed by using the three chamber test (TCT), novel object recognition test (NORT), and object location test (OLT). Consistent with behavioural results, RL-208 treated-mice groups significantly changed NMDAR2B phosphorylation state levels but not NMDAR2A. Calpain-1 and Caspase-3 activity was reduced, whereas B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) levels increased, indicating reduced apoptosis in RL-208 treated SAMP8. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 (GPX1), as well as a reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), was also determined in RL-208 mice. RL-208 treatment induced an increase in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), prevented Tropomyosin-related kinase B full-length (TrkB-FL) cleavage, increased protein levels of Synaptophysin (SYN) and Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). In whole, these results point out to an improvement in synaptic plasticity. Remarkably, RL-208 also decreased the protein levels of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5), as well as p25/p35 ratio, indicating a reduction in kinase activity of CDK5/p25 complex. Consequently, lower levels of hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) were found. In sum, these results demonstrate the neuroprotectant role of RL-208 through NMDAR blockade.

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“…convert to AD with a conversion rate of 13.7% per year (Huang, Wahlund, Svensson, Winblad, & Julin, 2002). A recent study, from different continents, also indicated high conversion of both amnesic (aMCI) as well as nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) to AD (Chen, Cheng, Lin, Lee, & Chou, 2018). Although the exact cause of AD is not yet known, recent studies have indicated that oxidative stress (OS) plays a profound role in AD pathogenesis (Mandal, Tripathi, & Sugunan, 2012;Markesbery, 1997;Saharan & Mandal, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitation of in vivo brain glutathione conformers in cingulate cortex among age‐matched control, MCI, and AD patients using MEGA‐PRESS

Shukla

Mandal

Tripathi

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glutathione (GSH) mitigates this effect by maintaining redox‐imbalance and free‐radical neutralization. Quantified brain GSH concentration provides distinct information about OS among age‐matched normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. We report alterations of in vivo GSH conformers, along with the choline, creatine, and N‐acetylaspartate levels in the cingulate cortex (CC) containing anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) regions of 64 (27 NC, 19 MCI, and 18 AD) participants using MEscher–GArwood‐Point‐RESolved spectroscopy sequence. Result indicated, tissue corrected GSH depletion in PCC among MCI (p = .001) and AD (p = .028) and in ACC among MCI (p = .194) and AD (p = .025) as compared to NC. Effects of the group, region, and group × region on GSH with age and gender as covariates were analyzed using a generalized linear model with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. A significant effect of group with GSH depletion in AD and MCI was observed as compared to NC. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of GSH level in CC differentiated between MCI and NC groups with an accuracy of 82.8% and 73.5% between AD and NC groups. Multivariate ROC analysis for the combined effect of the GSH alteration in both ACC and PCC regions provided improved diagnostic accuracy of 86.6% for NC to MCI conversion and 76.4% for NC to AD conversion. We conclude that only closed GSH conformer depletion in the ACC and PCC regions is critical and constitute a potential biomarker for AD.

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Risk Factors for the Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Different Types of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Primary Care: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Based on Findings From a Large Cross-Sectional Study in Crete, Greece

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Primary Care: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Based on Findings From a Large Cross-Sectional Study in Crete, Greece

A Novel NMDA Receptor Antagonist Protects against Cognitive Decline Presented by Senescent Mice

Quantitation of in vivo brain glutathione conformers in cingulate cortex among age‐matched control, MCI, and AD patients using MEGA‐PRESS

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