Risk Factors for Traumatic Brain Injury in Men and Women

Abstract

Objectives: The study covers the current status of TBI and provides a statistical recommendation to health organizations in the world. Design: A retrospective analytical study. The descriptive results showed that a difference exists between males and females and for these reasons the sample was divided into two groups according to the primary descriptive statistics. The first group included 212 (31.59 %) females, while the second group included 459 (68.40%) males. Setting: Assess the risk factors for TBI in both sexes and compare them with the results of international studies. Participants: The study involved 671 patients for the period from 07/01/2017- 17/12/2018. The primary data were collected from the republic hospital. Interventions: Retrospectively analysed these patients using T test, one- and two-way ANOVA test, and the Pearson correlation test using the Statistica 12 program. Main Outcome Measures: The most frequently reported cause of TBI in men and women is domestic accidents. Men are affected by TBI in early life compared to women. Results: The mean age of the men is 44.41 years (Std. error 0.75). The mean age of the women is 49.50 years (Std. error 1.38). In the male group, 354 (77.12 %) patients live in the city and 105 (22.87%) live in the village. However, in the female group, 170 (80.18%) patients live in the city and 42 (19.81%) live in the village. In the men group, 172 (37.47%) patients had TBI due to domestic accidents. The most frequently reported etiology of TBI in women is domestic accident, reported in 122 (57.54 %). In female group, the mean age of patients with domestic accident associated TBI is 53.76 years (Std. error 1.85). In male group, the mean age of patients with domestic accident associated TBI is 50.74 years (Std. error 1.09). Total hospitalization days of the patients were associated with the age of the patients, r= 0.12. Where men are hospitalized longer than women, t value -2.261, p < 0.024. In the male and female groups, there is a direct correlation between age and the total hospitalization days in the male group, r=0.173; r=0.148, respectively. Conclusion: The most frequently reported cause of TBI in men and women is domestic accidents. Men are affected by TBI in early life compared to women.