Risk factors in past histories and familial episodes related to development of testicular germ cell tumor

Abstract

Background: A retrospective study was conducted to examine the host factors of 240 testicular germ cell tumor patients. This study was performed to address a new theory proposed by Skakkebaek called testicular dysgenesis syndrome which claims that cryptorchism, hypospadias, poor semen quality and testicular germ cell tumors are symptoms of an underlying testicular dysgenesis in uterus. Methods:The past health histories and familial episodes of 240 testicular germ cell tumor patients were examined. The past health histories included cryptorchism, hypospadias, infertility, atrophic testis and inguinal hernia. Results: Of the 240 patients, 13 (5.4%) had a history of cryptorchism or orchidopexy. Two (0.8%) showed existence of hypospadias or had experienced urethroplasty. Among 129 married couples, 104 (80.6%) couples were fertile. Three (1.3%) patients developed testicular tumors after they were diagnosed as infertile or came to the hospital with the complaints of infertility. Four (1.7%) had contralateral atrophic testis. 19 (7.9%) had experienced inguinal herniorrhaphy before age 15. Three (1.3%) had testicular germ cell tumor patients among their family or relatives. Conclusions:The testicular germ cell tumor patients showed a considerable incidence of complications such as cryptorchism, hypospadias and incomplete closure of processus vaginalis. Cryptorchism, perinatal factors and familial factors could be risks for developing testicular germ cell tumors.

Incidental testicular cancers that subsequently developed in oligozoospermic and azoospermic patients: report of three cases

“…We reported elsewhere the risk factors related to the development of 240 testicular cancers from a review of patients' medical records and discussed the possibility of infertility as a risk (12). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report incidental subsequent testicular cancers after the introduction of modern assisted reproductive technologies.…”

Revisiting DNA damage repair, p53-mediated apoptosis and cisplatin sensitivity in germ cell tumors

“…True cryptorchidism, however requires a lack of testicular descent by 6 months and when using this definition, the incidence drops to approximately 1 out of every 100 births. The risk of developing TGCT for patients with cryptorchidism approximates 10% and approximately 10% of TGCT cases are also accounted for by men with a history of cryptorchidism (Kanto et al, 2004, Prener et al, 1996. Infertility (Lilford et al, 1994) and other forms of gonadal dysgenesis constitute additional risk factors for TGCTs (McGlynn and Cook, 2009).…”

Insulin-Like Factor 3 Levels in Cord Blood and Serum from Children: Effects of Age, Postnatal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Activation, and Cryptorchidism

“…Failure of complete testicular descent, or cryptorchidism, is one of the most common congenital malformations in infant boys (24, 25) and a risk factor for reduced semen quality and testicular cancer in adult life (26,27). We have, in a large prospective cohort study of Danish and Finnish boys, evaluated the reproductive organs of male infants in the two countries.…”