Risk factors of acute respiratory infections among under five children attending public hospitals in southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016/2017

Alemayehu, Sielu; Kidanu, Kalayou; Kahsay, Tensay; Kassa, Mekuria

doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1767-1

Cited by 38 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Children who had a history of diarrhea in the past fifteen days were ten times more likely to develop community-acquired pneumonia compared to their counterparts. Similar studies conducted in Urban Areas of Oromia special Zone of Amhara Region, Tigray Ethiopia and Zimbabwe [10,20,21] reported different findings with current findings, the difference might be due to variation in methods. This can be explained by the fact that children who have a concomitant illness like diarrhea may have a lowered immunity, making them more susceptible to diseases like pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

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Predictors of community acquired childhood pneumonia among 2–59 months old children in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Background Worldwide, pneumonia is the third leading cause of death in under 5 years children. Ethiopia is ranked 4th out of 15 countries having the highest burdens of the death rate among under-five children due to pneumonia. Regardless of this fact, efforts to identify determinants of pneumonia have been limited yet in Amhara region. This study was aimed to identify predictors of community-acquired childhood pneumonia among 2–59 months old children in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods Facility-based case–control study was conducted in the Amhara region from June 4 to July 15, 2018, among 28 health centers distributed across the region. The total sample size used was 888 (296 cases and 592 controls) children whose age were 2–59 months. At first, multistage sampling technique was employed. Data were collected on a face-to-face interview. Epi data v. 4.6 for data entry and statistical packages for social sciences version 23 for data analysis were used. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to test the associations between the study variables at P-value < 0.05 with 95% CI. As a result, determinants were identified for CAP. Results Among 888 enrolled children (296 cases and 592 controls), who experienced a community-acquired pneumonia had an increased risk of maternal age of 18–24 years (AOR 0.03, at 95%CI (0.01, 0.14), Government employee (AOR 0.19, at 95% CI (0.07,0.54), lack of separate kitchen (AOR 5.37; at 95% CI (1.65, 17.43), history of diarrhea in the past two weeks (AOR 10.2; at 95% CI (5.13, 20.18), previous respiratory tract infections (AOR 8.3, at 95% CI (3.32, 20.55) and history of parental asthma (AOR 4.9, at 95% CI (2.42, 10.18). Conclusion Maternal age of 18–24 years and government employee, lack of separate kitchen, history of diarrhea in the past two weeks; previous respiratory tract infection and history of parental asthma were found statistically significant. Health personnel’s needs to focus on creating awareness to the community on the merit of the separate kitchen for reduction of Community-acquired childhood pneumonia, and focus on prevention and management of childhood diarrheal and acute respiratory tract infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

“…Almost half of the pneumonia deaths were associated with air pollution. The impact of indoor air pollution kills more children globally than outdoor air pollution [10,11]. Outdoor air pollutants (PM10, NO2, O3, CO, and SO2), diurnal temperature range, and tree and weed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Predictors of community acquired childhood pneumonia among 2–59 months old children in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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“…Some of the factors identified as influencing morbidity among children include maternal education, maternal age, child's nutritional status, child's age, household wealth, residence, handwashing, sanitation, water source, use of insecticide-treated nets and exposure to information on morbidity, among others. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] For instance, some studies showed that diarrhoea infection is higher among children whose mothers have no education and do not wash their hands after using the toilet. Other studies revealed that malaria and acute respiratory infection are higher among children in rural setting and children whose mothers are 16-17 and 28-33 years of age.…”

Section: Bmj Global Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood morbidity and its determinants: evidence from 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Adedokun

Yaya²

2020

BMJ Glob Health

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BackgroundAlthough under-five mortality reduced globally from 93 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 39 in 2018, sub-Saharan Africa witnessed an increase from 31% in 1990 to 54% in 2018. Morbidity has been reported to contribute largely to these deaths. This study examined the factors that are associated with childhood morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsDemographic and Health Surveys of 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa were used in this study. The study involved 189 069 children who had or did not have fever, cough or diarrhoea in the 2 weeks preceding the surveys. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied in the analysis.ResultsAbout 22% of the children suffered from fever, 23% suffered from cough and 16% suffered from diarrhoea. While the odds of experiencing fever increased by 37% and 18%, respectively, for children from poorest and poorer households, children of women aged 15–24 and 25–34 years are 47% and 23%, respectively, more likely to experience diarrhoea. The probability of suffering from morbidity increased for children who are 12–23 months, of higher order birth, small in size at birth and from households with non-improved toilet facility.ConclusionsThis study has shown that childhood morbidity remains a major health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa with socioeconomic, maternal, child’s and environmental factors playing significant roles. Efforts at addressing this problem should consider these factors.

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“…In Ethiopia, there are 55 deaths per 1000 live births in children under-five due to acute respiratory infection, placing it among the world’s highest mortality rates [ 19 ]. Prior studies indicated that maternal age, residence, maternal hand hygiene information [ 20 ], maternal literacy, smoking, use of animal dung as a fuel source, nutritional status [ 21 ], absence of a separate kitchen, and lack of windows were significantly associated with acute respiratory infections [ 22 – 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Place of food cooking is associated with acute respiratory infection among under-five children in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of 2005–2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data

et al. 2020

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Background Globally, acute respiratory infections are among the leading causes of under-five child mortality, especially in lower-income countries; it is associated with indoor exposure to toxic pollutants from solid biomass fuel. In Ethiopia, 90% of the population utilizes solid biomass fuel; respiratory illness is a leading health problem. However, there is a paucity of nationally representative data on the association of household cooking place and respiratory infections. Besides, evidence on the variability in the infection based on the data collected at different times is limited. Therefore, this study is intended to assess the association of food cooking place with acute respiratory infections and the variability in households and surveys. Methods The current analysis is based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data collected in 2005, 2011, and 2016 and obtained via online registration. The association of food cooking place with acute respiratory infection was assessed using multilevel modeling after categorizing all factors into child level and survey level, controlling them in a full model. The analyses accounted for a complex survey design using a Stata command “svy.” Result A total of 30,895 under-five children were included in this study, of which 3677 (11.9%) children had an acute respiratory infection, with 12.7% in 2005, 11.9% in 2011, and 11.1% in 2016. The risk of having an infection in under-five children in households that cooked food outdoors was 44% lower (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.75) compared to those households that cooked the food inside the house. There was a statistically significant difference among the children among surveys to have an acute respiratory infection. Conclusion The risk of having children with acute respiratory infection is lower in the households of cooking food outdoor compared to indoor. The infection difference in different surveys suggests progress in the practices in either food cooking places or the fuel types used that minimize food cooking places location or the fuel types used that minimizes the risk. But, the infection is still high; therefore, measures promoting indoor cooking in a well-ventilated environment with alternative energy sources should take place.

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Risk factors of acute respiratory infections among under five children attending public hospitals in southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016/2017

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Predictors of community acquired childhood pneumonia among 2–59 months old children in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Predictors of community acquired childhood pneumonia among 2–59 months old children in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Childhood morbidity and its determinants: evidence from 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Place of food cooking is associated with acute respiratory infection among under-five children in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of 2005–2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data

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