Risk factors of breast cancer among Iraqi women

Abedalrahman, Sarab K.; Ali, Besmah M.; Al-Khalidy, Najim Abid Issa; Al-Hashimi, Ali S.

doi:10.22317/jcms.v5i3.609

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This result aligns with other studies (47,48) but is unlike a study conducted by S.K. Abedalrahman et al (49), where menstrual irregularity was associated with an increased risk of BC.…”

Section: Jsmc 469supporting

confidence: 92%

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Among Young Women in Sulaimani Governorate: A Hospitalbased Case-Control Study

Saeed,

Rashaan,

Hamawandi

et al. 2023

JSMC

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BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women throughout the world. Although uncommon, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in young women. ObjectiveTo assess risk factors among young Kurdish women ≤ 40 in Sulaimani governorate. Materials and MethodsA hospital-based, retrospective case-control study was conducted in two selected Sulaimani Hospitals, Hiwa Cancer Hospital and Breast Diseases Center, from January 1st, 2015, to December 31st, 2021. Eligible cases included those women ≤ 40 years of age, Kurdish nationality, histopathologically confirmed breast cancer, and random selection of a control group with no evidence of breast cancer of matched age. Data on reproductive characteristics were collected through a standardized questionnaire for both cases and controls. ResultsThe participants’ mean age was 32.23 years (SD ±3.98) and 34.55 years (SD ±5.99) for cases and controls, respectively. The results of multinomial logistic regression revealed that menarche at 12-14 years of age (OR= 2.33, 95% CI:1.41 - 3.86), low level of education (OR primary= 2.16, 95% CI:1.32 - 3.53), living in urban areas (OR= 2.75, 95% CI:1.87 - 4.05), unemployment (OR= 2.73, 95% CI:1.34 - 5.53), nulliparity (OR= 1.76, 95% CI:1.1 - 2.83), physical inactivity (OR nil= 5.03, 95% CI:1.09 - 23.3), and some dietary items as (red meat, chicken meat, fish meat) increased the odds of developing BC. ConclusionNulliparity, early age at menarche, physical inactivity, and dietary patterns should be given priority during the assessment of breast cancer risk among young Kurdish-Iraqi women.

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“…This result aligns with other studies (47,48) but is unlike a study conducted by S.K. Abedalrahman et al (49), where menstrual irregularity was associated with an increased risk of BC.…”

Section: Jsmc 469supporting

confidence: 92%

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Among Young Women in Sulaimani Governorate: A Hospitalbased Case-Control Study

Saeed,

Rashaan,

Hamawandi

et al. 2023

JSMC

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“…The study found that among the women who participated, percent had a personal history of breast cancer, 6.66 percent had a personal history of breast cancer, 8.30 percent were 168 centimeters or taller, 2.42 percent had a benign breast disease, 0.80 percent had their first menstrual period at age 11 or younger, 6.66 percent had received radiotherapy to the chest area, and the women who participated had low levels of unchangeable risk factors. While there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of family history of breast cancer or age at menopause in a case-control study of healthy women and women with breast cancer in Iraq (Abedalrahman et al, 2019), there was a significant difference found regarding age at menarche. Eighty-one percent of the 1172 women with breast cancer in Iraq in a retrospective research reported no history of breast cancer in their families (Alwan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Investigating Women's Risk Factors for Breast Cancer and Their Knowledge and Attitudes towards Early Diagnosis in Nasiriyah City/Iraq

Al-Abboodi,

Ursavaş,

Altaie

2023

JNRPSP

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Objective: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of women over the age of 40 for breast cancer and their knowledge and attitudes towards early diagnosis in Nasiriyah city of Iraq. Materials and Methods: The study used a descriptive and cross-sectional design, and it was carried out on 120 women aged over 40 who presented to two different primary health care centers in Iraq between February and March 2020. Results: Of the total of women in the study, 6.66% had a history of breast cancer, 21.70% had a family history of breast cancer, 24.20% had benign breast disease, the first menarche age of 0.80% was 11 or below, and 6.66% had received radiotherapy to the chest area. It was determined that 83,30% of the women had a BMI value of 25 or above, 72,50% did not exercise, and that 50% had given birth to their first child at the age of 30 or over. When the knowledge and attitudes of women towards early diagnosis of breast cancer were examined, it was found that 51,60% performed Breast Self-Examination (BSE) irregularly, 78,80% had not had a clinical breast examination (CBE) before, and that 88,30% had not had mammography. Conclusion: It was determined that women in Iraq need training on overweight and obesity and physical activity, which are lifestyle-related risk factors. Also, it was found that women's attitudes towards BSE, CBE, and mammography were low and that their awareness and attitudes need to be improved on these issues.

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“…In this country, prior literature indicates that breast cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to a high proportion of women requiring radical mastectomy; they are then offered breast reconstruction surgery (BRS) [ 7 ]. The younger population in Iraq, as in many other middle-income countries, means that women with breast cancer who face mastectomy and BRS are much younger than those in Europe [ 8 ]. Breast reconstruction (BR) in Iraq occurs but to a lesser extent than neighbouring countries, with much emphasis put on the aesthetic value of this surgery, where some women opt for this surgery to enhance their looks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Women’s Quality of Life: Exploring the Impact of Mastectomy with and without Breast Reconstruction among Breast Cancer Survivors in Iraq

Hassan,

Mohammed,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background and Aims: Mastectomy, a common intervention for breast cancer, has substantial implications for a woman's quality of life (QoL). However, the literature on QoL outcomes following mastectomy-with or without breast reconstruction (BR) is scant. This study aims to assess and compare the QoL among Iraqi women post-mastectomy, examining the impacts of undergoing BR. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive cross-sectional study across multiple centers in Iraq from April to September 2021. Our cohort consisted of 404 women who had a mastectomy for breast cancer treatment, 154 of whom also chose to have BR. Utilizing the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer's (EORTC) tools specifically, select domains from EORTC QLQ-BR23, QLQ-C30, and QLQ-BRECON23-we evaluated various facets of their QoL. Results: The mean QoL score was 54 out of 100, with patients who did not undergo BR reporting slightly higher scores (55) compared to those who did (52). Notably, social and sexual functioning scores were statistically superior in the non-BR group. Satisfaction with surgery, sexual function, and breast aesthetics were the lowest rated aspects among BR patients, indicating a considerable gap between expectations and outcomes. Marital status and the type of mastectomy notably influenced body image and sexual function. A significant portion of patients (100 out of 250) opted out of BR due to recurrence concerns, while 26.2% (106 out of 154) pursued BR to restore their pre-mastectomy physique. Conclusion: Contrary to the anticipated benefits of BR, our findings suggest that women who underwent the procedure reported a lower QoL compared to those who did not. The outcomes highlight the discrepancy between expected and actual benefits of BR, suggesting a pressing need for comprehensive rehabilitation programs. These programs should aim to enhance the QoL for post-mastectomy patients and provide in-depth counseling to align expectations with the potential realities of BR.

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Risk factors of breast cancer among Iraqi women

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Among Young Women in Sulaimani Governorate: A Hospitalbased Case-Control Study

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Among Young Women in Sulaimani Governorate: A Hospitalbased Case-Control Study

Investigating Women's Risk Factors for Breast Cancer and Their Knowledge and Attitudes towards Early Diagnosis in Nasiriyah City/Iraq

Enhancing Women’s Quality of Life: Exploring the Impact of Mastectomy with and without Breast Reconstruction among Breast Cancer Survivors in Iraq

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