Risk Factors of Childhood Asthma in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Palvo, Fernando; Toledo, Eliana; Menin, A; Jorge, Patricia P.; Godoy, Moacir Fernandes de; Solé, Dírceu

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmn007

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In blood samples of neonates whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, levels of T H 2 cytokines were higher compared with those from nonsmoking mothers 68. Moreover, smoke exposure enhanced total and specific IgE levels,42,43 eosinophil counts,44 airway disease,43 positive skin prick test responses,69 and wheezing episodes/asthma in later life 45,70,71. The risk of induction of specific IgE against inhalant or food allergens was especially increased when a child born to parents without an allergy was exposed to environmental tobacco smoke during the first 2 months of life 72.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Sensitization In the Child: Clinics And Mecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on allergies in pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood

Pali‐Schöll¹,

Renz²,

Jensen‐Jarolim³

2009

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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The factors responsible for the induction of allergic disease at an early age have not been completely identified. Therefore a major research focus is their identification to elaborate recommendations for prevention of sensitization in high-risk or atopic children. This review analyzes known or suspected reasons for sensitization in pregnant women and infants from both clinical and experimental animal studies. Recent studies and meta-analyses could not confirm the protective effect of an allergen-poor diet on the part of the mother during pregnancy and lactation. Likewise, the type of bottle feeding or the introduction of solid food into the child's diet might not significantly influence the development of atopy, allergy, or asthma in the child's life. Disappointingly, the few preventive measures remaining to reduce the risk of allergic sensitization and atopic diseases in mother and child are the avoidance of smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation and the avoidance of the impairment of gastric function. Further studies are urgently needed to address the influence of certain foods and nutrients, as well as environmental factors, for prevention of allergic diseases in the low-or high-risk infant. KeywordsAllergy; pregnancy; lactation; atopy; newborn; acid-suppression; prevention Type I allergies affect a high number of persons in industrialized countries worldwide. Regarding sensitization during pregnancy, the investigation of prevalence numbers is very scarce, except for sporadic reports on the Web (eg, www.allergyclinic.co.nz/guides/28.html) claiming that allergies are the most common diseases during pregnancy, with a prevalence as high as 20%. The incidence of sensitization in young children was assessed in the Multicenter Allergy Study performed in Germany, which revealed that sensitization to food allergens was abundant in 10% of 1-year-old infants but present in only 3% of 6-year-old children. 1 In contrast, sensitization to inhalant allergens increased with age, from 1.5% at 1 year of age to 8% at 6 years of age.Some connected diseases, such as asthma, seem to have reached a plateau in many European countries. 2 However, prevalences of allergic diseases in Austria are high, which is similar to the situation in many other Western countries, such as Finland, 3 and numbers for childhood Europe PMC Funders GroupAuthor Manuscript J Allergy Clin Immunol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 December 09. Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsEurope PMC Funders Author Manuscripts asthma, atopic eczema, and allergic rhinitis among schoolchildren still showed an increase between 1995 and 2003. 4 Also, rates of rhinoconjunctivitis have slightly increased worldwide. 5 The responsible factors need to be revealed to be able to provide reasonable recommendations for the prevention of sensitization and allergy. Because sensitization can occur very early in life, measures already need to be taken by the mother during pregnancy and lactation, as well as for the newborn. Special consider...

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Section: Risk Factors For Sensitization In the Child: Clinics And Mecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on allergies in pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood

Pali‐Schöll¹,

Renz²,

Jensen‐Jarolim³

2009

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…For manuscripts that did not include OR or data that allowed estimation of OR, we attempted to contact the authors (four in total) by email. Of these, one replied with data that could be included in the meta‐analysis 12 . The 44 publications which were excluded are listed in Appendix S2 with reasons for their exclusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating breast feeding and childhood wheezing illness

Brew

Allen

Toelle

et al. 2011

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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There is conflicting evidence concerning the relationship between breast feeding and wheezing illness. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is any association between breast feeding and wheezing in children aged over 5 years and to discover possible sources of heterogeneity. An electronic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted from January 2000 to June 2010. In addition, reference lists from relevant publications were searched. Birth cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies were included if they measured any breast feeding or exclusive breast feeding for 3 or 4 months. Wheezing illness, including asthma, was identified based on symptoms, reported diagnosis or objective criteria. Thirty-one publications were identified for meta-analysis. There was no association found between any or exclusive breast feeding and wheezing illness, although there was a high level of heterogeneity between the studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that any breast feeding slightly lowers the odds of wheeze (pooled odds ratio 0.92 [0.86, 0.98]) but slightly increases the odds of asthma defined by specific criteria (pooled odds ratio 1.10 [1.00, 1.22]). This meta-analysis does not provide evidence that breast feeding is protective against wheezing illness in children aged 5 years and over. The difference in the effects of breast feeding according to the nature of the wheezing illness highlights the importance of the heterogeneity of illness phenotypes.

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