Risk factors of death from flood: Findings of a systematic review

Yari, Arezoo; Ostadtaghizadeh, Abbas; Ardalan, Ali; Zarezadeh, Yadolah; Rahimiforoushani, Abbas; Bidarpoor, Farzam

doi:10.1007/s40201-020-00511-x

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…flood, tsunami, hurricane) or occupational situations involve some specific mechanisms. Many of the key concepts and evidence from research in these drowning sub-fields are distinct, and several systematic reviews exist specific to these subjects [40][41][42][43][44]. This refined focus was further guided by three domains consistent with a public health approach: epidemiological burden, risk factors and primary prevention strategies [45].…”

Section: Stage One: Identifying and Refining Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

et al. 2021

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Objective Coastal drowning is a global public health problem which requires evidence to support safety initiatives. The growing multidisciplinary body of coastal drowning research and associated prevention countermeasures is diverse and has not been characterised as a whole. The objective of this scoping review was to identify key concepts, findings, evidence and research gaps in the coastal drowning literature to guide future research and inform prevention activities. Methods We conducted a scoping review to identify peer reviewed studies published before May 2020 reporting either (i) fatal unintentional coastal drowning statistics from non-boating, -disaster or -occupational aetiologies; (ii) risk factors for unintentional fatal coastal drowning; or (iii) coastal drowning prevention strategies. Systematic searches were conducted in six databases, two authors independently screened studies for inclusion and one author extracted data using a standardised data charting form developed by the study team. Results Of the 146 included studies, the majority (76.7%) were from high income countries, 87 (59.6%) reported coastal drowning deaths, 61 (41.8%) reported risk factors, and 88 (60.3%) reported prevention strategies. Populations, data sources and coastal water site terminology in the studies varied widely; as did reported risk factors, which most frequently related to demographics such as gender and age. Prevention strategies were commonly based on survey data or expert opinion and primarily focused on education, lifeguards and signage. Few studies (n = 10) evaluated coastal drowning prevention strategies. Discussion Coastal drowning is an expansive, multidisciplinary field that demands cross-sector collaborative research. Gaps to be addressed in coastal safety research include the lack of research from lower resourced settings, unclear and inconsistent terminology and reporting, and the lack of evaluation for prevention strategies. Advancing coastal drowning science will result in a stronger evidence base from which to design and implement effective countermeasures that ultimately save lives and keep people safe.

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Section: Stage One: Identifying and Refining Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

et al. 2021

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“…Although a higher level of safety measures is expected in countries with higher GDP per capita, exploring the variations in fatality coefficient against the per capita GDP shows that fatality coefficient is not strongly correlated with the GDP per capita, and follows an almost constant trend with an average value of 1.68. Those global-scale results are somehow counter-intuitive, as a few previous researches, focused on specific case studies, have shown that flood-induced death rates (fatalities per million people) and flood-affected rates decreased with GDP growth per capita (Larsen et al, 2006)Larsen06 Larsen;Hu et al, 2018), and also low education can be considered an intrinsic risk factor for flood mortality (Yari et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Global to regional overview of floods fatality: the 1951–2020 period

Hamidifar

Nones

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Floods are among the most devastating natural hazards. Human interferences along with climate change cause a lot of human and financial losses every year following the occurrence of floods. In this research, flooding events that have killed more than 10 people in the 1951–2020 period have been studied, analysing the EM-DAT database. The results show that the severity of flood-related deaths is equally distributed worldwide, but present some specific geographical patterns. The flood fatality coefficient, calculated for different countries, identified that Southern, Eastern, and South-Eastern regions of Asia have the deadliest floods in the world. The number of flood events has been increasing since 1951 and peaked in 2007, following a relatively declining trend since then. However, the number of death tolls does not follow a statistically significant trend. An examination of the number of flood events in different decades shows that the highest number of events occurred in the 2001–2010 decade, which corresponds to the largest precipitation anomaly in the world. The most casualties occurred in the decade 1991–2000. However, the lethality of floods has decreased over time, from 412 per flood in 1951–1960 to 67 in the 2011–2020 decade, probably as a consequence of a more resilient environment and better risk reduction strategies. In addition, a direct correlation was found between the number of flood events and the number of casualties with the world’s population.

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“…Poverty and low education can be considered intrinsic risk factors for flood mortality (Yari et al, 2020). In low-income countries, as a result of the relatively high rates of poverty and inadequate mitigation measures, people are more vulnerable to floods.…”

Section: Fatalities' Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: Factors leading to the occurrence of flood fatalities: a systematic review of research papers published between 2010 and 2020

Petrucci

2022

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Floods kill numerous people every year in both developed and developing countries. The transfer of research findings from the academic community to practitioners, policy-makers and citizens may reduce the impact of floods on mortality. This systematic review analyzes 44 scientific articles extracted from WOS and SCOPUS databases written in English, published between 2010 and 2020, and focuses on flood fatalities. The first main finding of this review is the classification of drivers of flood mortality into two groups: the first group relates to the environment, and the second group relates to the fatalities. The second main finding is the identification of strategies to practically cope with the identified drivers of flood fatalities. The main shortcomings of the review concern (a) the unavailability of papers based on flood fatality occurrence in developing countries and (b) the absence of data focusing on people who have survived floods. This review amplifies useful findings, best practices and lessons learned that can be useful for administrators, risk managers, and teachers of primary and secondary schools to mitigate the impact of future floods on human life.

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Risk factors of death from flood: Findings of a systematic review

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

Global to regional overview of floods fatality: the 1951–2020 period

Review article: Factors leading to the occurrence of flood fatalities: a systematic review of research papers published between 2010 and 2020

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