Risk factors of diarrhoeal disease in under-five children among health extension model and non-model families in Sheko district rural community, Southwest Ethiopia: comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundWorldwide diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in under-five year’s children. In Ethiopia diarrhoea kills half million under-five children every year second to pneumonia. Poor sanitation, unsafe water supply and inadequate personal hygiene are responsible for 90% of diarrhoea occurrence; these can be easily improved by health promotion and education. The Ethiopian government introduced a new initiative health extension programme in 2002/03 as a means of providing a comprehensive, universal, equitable and affordable health service. As a strategy of the programme; households have been graduated as model families after training and implementing the intervention packages. Therefore the aim of the study was to assess risk factor of diarrheal disease in under-five children among health extension model and non-model families.MethodA community based comparative cross-sectional study design was employed in 2012 at Sheko district. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 275 model and 550 non-model households that had at least one under-five children. Data was collected using structured questioner and/or checklist by trained data collectors. A summery descriptive, binary and multivariate logistic regression was computed to describe the functional independent predictors of childhood diarrhoea.ResultThe two weeks diarrhoea prevalence in under-five children among health extension model and non-model households were 6.4% and 25.5%, respectively. The independent predictors of childhood diarrhoea revealed in the study were being mothers can’t read and write [OR: 1.74, 95% CI: (1.03, 2.91)], monthly family income earn less than 650 Birr [OR: 1.75, 95% CI: (1.06, 2.88)], mothers hand washing not practice at critical time [OR: 2.21, 95% CI: (1.41, 3.46)], not soap use for hand washing [OR: 7.40, 95% CI: (2.61, 20.96)], improper refuse disposal [OR: 3.19, 95% CI: (1.89, 5.38)] and being non-model families for the health extension programme [OR: 4.50, 95% CI: (2.52, 8.03].ConclusionThe level of diarrheal disease variation was well explained by maternal education, income, personal hygiene, waste disposal system and the effect of health extension programme. Thus encouraging families to being model families for the programme and enhancing community based behavioural change communication that emphasize on personal hygiene and sanitation should be strengthening to reduce childhood diarrhoea.

Factors Contributing to Diarrheal Diseases among Children Less than Five Years in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

“…Children whose mothers/caretakers had never attended school were 3.7 times and attended primary were 2.9 times more likely to have diarrheal diseases compared to those who attended tertiary level of education. This finding is similar with other studies [6,[18][19][20][21][22]. This was also supported by RDHS in 2014-2015 where it was revealed that the prevalence of diarrhea is higher among children whose mothers have no education (14 percent) or a primary education (12 percent) than among those whose mothers have a secondary education or higher (9 percent).…”

“…In Ethiopia the prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children in a 2-week period was reported 31.0% in Arba Minch District [6], 26.1% in Hadaleala District [7], 24.9% in northwest Ethiopia [8], 22.5% in the eastern part of Ethiopia [9], 19.6% in a rural area of southern Ethiopia [10] and 18.0% in Mecha District [11]. There are different factors associated with occurrence of diarrhea among children less than five years and these differ from place to place.…”

Bacterial Etiology of Diarrhoeal Disease in Children and Antibiogram of the Isolates

“…A significant association was found between incidence of enteric pathogen and frequency of hand washing with soap by mother. Similar results were given by Gebru et al [28], in the comparative cross-sectional study at southwest Ethiopia, where a remarkable difference of childhood Diarrhoea were observed among children whose mothers not practiced hand washing at critical time with soap were more likely to develop Diarrhoea when compared to children whose mothers were practiced hand washing at critical time with soap. Similarly in a study by Karambu et al [23], care taker not washing hands after changing napkin can expose the child to Diarrhoea illness more than one and half times as compared to those washing hands after changing the napkins.…”

Determination of Bacterial Quality of Water in Randomly Selected Swimming Pools in Kampala City, Uganda

“…Unless the pool is cleaned and maintained and its water adequately treated, contamination may lead to a number of disease outbreaks such as gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, trachoma, otitis, cholera, dysentery, eczema, skin rashes, typhoid, dysentery, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, helminthiasis, cholera, hepatitis, rotavirus infection, salmonellosis, and central nervous systems associated diseases [3,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The aetiologic agents of some of these diseases have been isolated from natural and domestic water sources in Uganda and are associated with devastating illnesses [9,10,24,25].…”