Risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections in small ruminants kept in smallholder mixed farms in Kenya

Odoi, Agricola; Gathuma, J M; Gachuiri, C.K.; Omore, Amos O.

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-3-6

Cited by 63 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The educational level of farmer was an important risk factor of GI helminth infections in the present study. This finding is in agreement with reports from other investigators in Kenya [24]. It is known that a large part of the variation in the performance of livestock production is caused by the quality of the management-stockpeople team [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Small Ruminants in the Greek Temperate Mediterranean Environment

Kantzoura¹,

Kouam²,

Theodoropoulou³

et al. 2012

OJVM

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Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections of sheep and goats were investigated in 69 farms located in Thessaly region of Greece, characterized by temperate Mediterranean climate, during two consecutive seasons. A total of 557 fecal samples were collected. Helminth eggs were detected in 44 (7.9%) samples. Strongyle-type eggs were found in 19 (3.4%) samples, Nematodirus spp. eggs in 6 (1.1%) samples, Trichuris spp. eggs in 16 (2.9%) samples, Fasciola hepatica in 3 (0.5%) samples, and Dicrocoelium dendriticum in 1 (0.2%) sample. Coccidian oocysts were found in 36 (6.5%) samples. Risk factors related to animal and farmer status, farm and pasture management, and environmental factors derived by satellite data were examined for their association with the prevalence of helmith infections. A logistic regression model showed that the educational level of farmers and the elevation of farm location were associated with helminth infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The variables introduced into the statistical model that concern the age or the educational level of farmers had also been investigated by other authors in Italy [23] and in Kenya [24]. The educational level of farmer was an important risk factor of GI helminth infections in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Small Ruminants in the Greek Temperate Mediterranean Environment

Kantzoura¹,

Kouam²,

Theodoropoulou³

et al. 2012

OJVM

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“…Most of the foregoing genera including Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Strongyloides, Bunostomum, Ostertagia and Toxocara have been shown to be present at various levels of prevalence in wild African buffalo Syncerus caffer in Ngorongoro and Arusha National Parks [26]. The nematode genera found in Tanzania have been reported in previous studies in neighbouring countries including Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum in small ruminants in Kenya [27,28].…”

Section: Haemonchus Placeimentioning

confidence: 91%

Helminths and Protozoa of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants in Tanzania

S¹

2017

Animal Review

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Article HistoryTanzania has one of the largest populations of domestic ruminants in Africa. Their performance is less than their potential. Health, particularly disease due to gastrointestinal parasites, is a major constraint to improved productivity. Internal parasites also affect the country's very diverse and huge array of wild ruminants. This review is based on a thorough search of the formal and informal literature pertaining to gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants in Tanzania. The occurrence and geographical distribution of helminth (nematodes, trematodes and cestodes) and protozoan parasites are presented. Cattle, goat and sheep nematodirus (roundworm) infection usually comprises mixed infections of several taxa of which 13 species in nine genera have been recorded. A total of seven species of trematodes (flukes) in six genera have been found. Some six species of cestodes (flatworms) have been recorded, three being in the genus Taenia. The most prevalent species of protozoan parasites, of which seven have been identified in cattle and 18 in sheep and goats, belong to the genus Eimeria: four other species of protozoan parasites are also recorded. A general overview of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites is provided and the main methods of control are discussed.Contribution/Originality: Domestic ruminants are an important part of the Tanzania economy. They contribute to food security, biodiversity, household income and human welfare. This paper reviews with the aid of 74 published references the status and distribution of the main internal parasites of domestic ruminants in Tanzania.

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“…The nematode genera observed in the present study have been reported in previous studies in Tanzania (Kusiluka, 1995;Kusiluka et al, , 1999 and in neighbouring countries. Ng'ang'a et al (2004) and Odoi et al (2007) reported that in Kenya, the widely reported nematode genera of small ruminants include Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal health constraints in dairy goats kept under smallholder farming systems in Kongwa and Mvomero Districts, Tanzania

Shija¹,

Kusiluka²,

Chenyambuga³

et al. 2014

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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This study was conducted to determine animal health constraints for dairy goats kept by small-scale farmers in Kongwa and Mvomero districts, Tanzania. A total of 129 dairy goats belonging to 108 farmers were screened for gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection, coccidiosis, haemoparasites, brucellosis and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) over a period of 11 months. Other clinical diseases and mortalities were recorded. The goats used were Norwegian crosses and Toggenburg crosses. The mean prevalence of GIN infection and coccidiosis in all goats were 54.8 and 57.4%, respectively. Prevalence of GIN infection was higher (P ≤ 0.05) during the rainy months than in the dry months, but the prevalence of coccidiosis did not differ (P > 0.05) between the dry and rainy seasons. The EPG in goats did not differ (P > 0.05) between Kongwa (169.79 ± 0.03 EPG) and Mvomero (171.51 ± 0.04 EPG) districts, but the OPG differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with values of 793.15 ± 0.04 (Kongwa) and 364.02 ± 0.05 (Mvomero). The prevalence of CCPP in the goats was 26.4%. Other clinical diseases included respiratory diseases, infectious keratoconjunctivitis and orf (scabby lesions around mouth and nostrils). Both tests for haemoparasites and brucellosis indicated negative results for all goats tested. Mortality rate during the study period was 15.5% and the major causes of deaths were respiratory diseases, bloat and food poisoning. In conclusion, gastrointestinal nematodes are prevalent in both districts, but the burdens are relatively low to justify mass treatment. The Norwegian goats are more susceptible to GIN infection and coccidiosis compared to Toggenburg goats.

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Risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections in small ruminants kept in smallholder mixed farms in Kenya

Cited by 63 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Small Ruminants in the Greek Temperate Mediterranean Environment

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Small Ruminants in the Greek Temperate Mediterranean Environment

Helminths and Protozoa of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants in Tanzania

Animal health constraints in dairy goats kept under smallholder farming systems in Kongwa and Mvomero Districts, Tanzania

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