Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Infection among Egyptian Blood Donors

Awadalla, Hala; Ragab, M. E.; Nassar, N.; Osman, Mahmoud Abd Hamid

doi:10.21101/cejph.a3628

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Currently, 130 to 170 million people worldwide are infected with HCV, and the annual increase is approximately 3.5 million [1]. It is estimated that about 0.2 to 26% of the general population in different countries are chronically infected by HCV [2]–[4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Highly Endemic HBV Areas in China

Duan

Long

Wang³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundWuwei City has the highest prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in China. From 2007 to 2011, the average reported incidence rate of hepatitis B was 634.56/100,000 people. However, studies assessing the epidemic features and risk factors of HCV in the general population of Wuwei City are limited.MethodsA total of 7189 people were interviewed and screened for HCV antibodies. HCV RNA and HCV genotypes were analyzed by PCR. Relevant information was obtained from the general population using a standardized questionnaire, and association and logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThe anti-HCV prevalence was 1.64% (118/7189), and HCV-RNA was detected in 37.29% (44/118) of the anti-HCV positive samples. The current HCV infection rate was 0.61% (44/7189) in the Wuwei general population. Hepatitis C infection rate was generally higher in the plains regions (χ2 = 27.54,P<0.05), and the most predominant HCV genotypes were 2a (59.1%) and 1b (34.1%). The concurrent HCV and HBV infection rate was 1.37%, and a history of blood transfusion (OR = 17.9, 95% CI: 6.1 to 52.6, p<0.001) was an independent risk factor for HCV positivity.ConclusionsAlthough Wuwei is a highly endemic area for HBV, the anti-HCV positive rate in the general population is low. More than one-third of HCV-infected people were unaware of their infection; this may become an important risk factor for hepatitis C prevalence in the general population. Maintaining blood safety is important in order to help reduce the burden of HCV infection in developing regions of China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Highly Endemic HBV Areas in China

Duan

Long

Wang³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…It was therefore concluded that circumcision has a low risk for HCV transmission,32 because almost everyone in a village had been exposed, but a limited number got infected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reexamination of the relationship between the prevalence of hepatitis C virus and parenteral antischistosomal therapy among Egyptians resident in Qatar

Derbala

Chandra²,

Amer³

et al. 2014

CEG

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Egypt has the highest prevalence of recorded hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide, estimated nationally at 14.7%, which is attributed to extensive iatrogenic transmission during the era of parenteral antischistosomal therapy (PAT) mass-treatment campaigns. The objective of our study was to attempt to highlight to what extent HCV transmission is ongoing and discuss the possible risk factors. We studied the prevalence of HCV among 7.8% of Egyptians resident in Qatar in relation to age, socioeconomic status, and PAT and discuss the possible risk factors. HCV testing was conducted in 2,335 participants, and results were positive for 13.5%, and 8.5% for those aged below 35 years. The prevalence of HCV in the PAT-positive population was 23.7% (123 of 518, 95% confidence interval [CI] 20.2%–27.6%) compared with 11.2% in the PAT-negative group. Significantly higher HCV prevalence occurred in participants who were older than 50 years (23%, 95% CI 19.3%–27.1%) compared to those aged 45–50 years (19.3%, 95% CI 15.2%–23.8%), 35–45 years (11.1%, 95% CI 8.9%–13.7%), and less than 35 years (8.5%, 95% CI 6.8%–10.4%) (P<0.0001). Insignificant higher prevalence occurred in the low socioeconomic group (14.2%, 95% CI 11.3%–17.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that increasing age, history of PAT, bilharziasis, and praziquantel were common risk factors, but there was no relation with dental care. Host genetic predisposition seems to be a plausible underlying factor for susceptibility among Egyptians and intense ongoing infection.

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“…Worldwide, Egypt has the highest number of individuals with hepatitis C infection, with 16.8% of their donors being anti-HCV reactive 44 . However, the prevalence of hepatitis C infection in the general population of developed countries varies from 1-2% 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive serology for viral hepatitis and donor self-exclusion in Southern Brazil

Maccarini

Nazário

Ferreira

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Despite the great advances in serological testing for transfusion-transmitted infections, the selection of blood donors by blood bank operators remains the only way to avoid transmission within the testing window period. Part of this selection is the self-exclusion form, on which the donors can exclude their blood from donation without any explanation. This study assessed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to positivity for viral hepatitis and to the use of the confi dential self-exclusion (CSE) form. Methods: This transversal study analyzed the data collected from blood donors' fi les in a hospital in Southern Brazil. Univariate and multivariate analyses identifi ed the clinical and epidemiological variables related to positive serologies of viral hepatitis and to whether the donor was self-excluded. Results: Of the 3,180 donors included in this study, 0.1% tested positive for HBsAg, 2.1% for anti-HBc, and 0.9% for anti-HCV. When the 93 donors with positive serologies for viral hepatitis were compared with those who were negative, a greater proportion of the positive serology group was found to have had a history of blood transfusions (OR=4.908; 95%CI=1.628 -14.799; p<0.01), had repeatedly donated (OR=2.147; 95%CI=1.236 -3.729; p<0.01), and used the CSE form for self-exclusion (OR=7.139; 95%CI=2.045 -24.923; p<0.01). No variables were independently associated with self-exclusion. Conclusions: A history of blood transfusion, repeated donations, and self-exclusion are factors that should be considered during viral hepatitis screenings in blood banks.

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Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Infection among Egyptian Blood Donors

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Highly Endemic HBV Areas in China

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Highly Endemic HBV Areas in China

Reexamination of the relationship between the prevalence of hepatitis C virus and parenteral antischistosomal therapy among Egyptians resident in Qatar

Positive serology for viral hepatitis and donor self-exclusion in Southern Brazil

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