Risk factors of laryngeal cryptococcosis: A case report

Abstract

Cryptococcal infections are acquired by inhalation of encapsulated yeast cells or basidiospores. While Cryptococcus has a propensity to invade the lungs and central nervous system, other sites can be affected. Laryngeal cryptococcosis is rare with less than 30 previously reported cases, which commonly occurred in apparently immunocompetent hosts on inhaled corticosteroids. We present a case of laryngeal cryptococcosis with a long-term inhaled corticosteroid use, co-infection of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare , and mannose-binding lectin deficiency.

Thymol and Thyme Essential Oil—New Insights into Selected Therapeutic Applications

“…This pathogen mainly attacks the respiratory and nervous systems, causing pneumonia or meningitis [ 45 , 47 ]. This disease mainly affects immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS [ 48 ]. Over 223,000 cryptococcal meningitis cases occur worldwide each year, of which approximately 181,000 are fatal [ 46 ].…”

Vocal fold cryptococcal granuloma: A rare occurrence in immunocompetent patient

“…Majority of patients presented with persistent or progressive hoarseness, cough, foreign body sensation and even upper airway obstruction [ 3 , 4 ]. In immunocompetent individuals, the most common predisposing factor identified was prolonged usage of inhaled corticosteroids which was not the case for our patient [ [3] , [4] , [5] ]. The typical clinical finding on scope findings are vocal cord mass, oedematous larynx, and laryngeal erythema.…”

Cryptococcal laryngitis in an immunocompetent asthmatic patient using inhaled corticosteroids

“…Cryptococcus infections in humans are caused by two main encapsulated yeast from the Cryptococcus genus: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii [ 1 , 4 ]. C. neoformans is ubiquitous and linked with rotting wood and avian hosts such as pigeon, chicken and turkey where the yeast may be found in their excreta [ 1 , 5 ].…”

“…Cryptococcus infections in humans are caused by two main encapsulated yeast from the Cryptococcus genus: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii [ 1 , 4 ]. C. neoformans is ubiquitous and linked with rotting wood and avian hosts such as pigeon, chicken and turkey where the yeast may be found in their excreta [ 1 , 5 ]. C. gatti in Australia has been associated with Eucalyptus trees including the river red gum and other environmental niches in tropical and subtropical areas [ 6 ].…”

“…Laryngeal cryptococcosis presents in immunocompromised patients as a manifestation of disseminated disease or localised disease [ 1 ]. Rarely cryptococcal laryngitis occurs in immunocompetent patients who use inhaled and systemic corticosteroids [ 2 ].…”