Risk factors of mortality due to traumatic brain injury in Marsidi Judono general hospital, Belitung, Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global problem and the biggest cause of mortality and disability of all trauma cases. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and relationship between risk factors for TBI and its impact on mortality and also to provide epidemiological data related to TBI in Belitung regency. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using secondary data from the medical records of participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at dr. H. Marsidi Judono General Hospital Belitung from January to December 2019. Data were analyzed as univariate, bivariate, and multivariate using binary logistic regression. Results: Two hundred and seventy patients were included in this study. Men were more likely to have a TBI than women in all categories (65.9%). The adolescent age group (33.7%) followed by adults (31.5%) were the largest contributors to TBI. Road traffic accident cases (86.7%) dominated the incidence of TBI. The use of headgear was still lacking (36.7%) while cases of road traffic accidents were high. The use of ambulances was lacking (10.4%) compared to other vehicles. A total of 119 patients (44%) were hospitalized in either the general ward or ICU with an average length of hospitalization was 3 days. Of all TBI cases, the mortality rate was 11.9%. People with older age have a higher mortality rate compared to other age categories (OR 1.052; 95% CI: 1.001 -1.106). Conclusion:The mortality rate due to TBI reaches 11.9% in this region, with age as a statistically significant predictor of mortality due to TBI. Older patients tend to have a higher likelihood of death due to TBI. The data obtained can be used by general practitioners, disease preventative planners, and policymakers to reduce mortality due to TBI in Belitung regency.

Traumatic tension pneumocephalus: a case report and perspective from Indonesia

“…That discrepancy, coupled with suboptimal decentralized government policies, causes the lack of support for prehospital transport in rural regions. Studies conducted in Bandung [urban city of West Java province, population density 1,334 people/km ( 2 )] and Belitung (rural city of Bangka Belitung province, population density 90 people/km 2 ) would best illustrate the difference by having 83.8 and 10.4%, respectively, of their TBI patients admitted to the hospital by ambulance ( 17 , 26 , 27 ).…”

“…TBI accounts for 11.9% of trauma cases in Indonesia, making it the third most common cause of traumatic injury for the nation ( 30 ). Local 1-year single-centered studies from the national referral hospital and three other secondary-care hospitals in Belitung, Bali, and Papua presented 157, 270, 525, and 393 cases, respectively ( 26 , 31–33 ). Mortality rate ranges from 7.6 to 29.23%, where the lowest percentage is found in the national referral hospital, and the highest occurred in a secondary-care hospital in Bandung ( 26 , 27 , 31 , 32 , 34–36 ).…”

“…Local 1-year single-centered studies from the national referral hospital and three other secondary-care hospitals in Belitung, Bali, and Papua presented 157, 270, 525, and 393 cases, respectively ( 26 , 31–33 ). Mortality rate ranges from 7.6 to 29.23%, where the lowest percentage is found in the national referral hospital, and the highest occurred in a secondary-care hospital in Bandung ( 26 , 27 , 31 , 32 , 34–36 ). Higher patient volume and mortality rate shown in secondary-care hospitals revealed the underperformance of overwhelmed medical service, further proving the need for upgrades in the health care system.…”