Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity Related to Diet and Disordered Eating Attitudes in Adolescent Girls with Clinical Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract

Background: We aimed to find the difference between girls with clinical features of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), divided into two groups: Overweight/obesity (Ov/Ob) and normal weight (N), related to diet, disordered eating attitudes (DEA), metabolic and hormonal differences, and to identify the risk factors of being overweight or obese. Methods: Seventy-eight adolescents with PCOS, aged 14–18 years, were divided into Ov/Ob and N groups. Patients underwent blood tests for determination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, DHEA-S, estradiol, of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), fasting glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profile. Nutrition was evaluated using a 3-day food record. To examine the level of DEA, the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) was used. We defined an EAT-26 score ≥20 as positive for DEA. Logistic regression was carried out to identify the independent predictors of being overweight and obese. Results: An increase of 10 g in plant protein intake decreased the probability of being overweight and of obesity (OR = 0.54; p = 0.036). EAT-26 score ≥20 was correlated with a 7-fold (OR = 6.88; p = 0.02) increased odds of being overweight or of obesity. Conclusion: Being overweight and obesity in adolescents with PCOS may be associated with DEA and the type and amount of protein intake.

Relation between Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Macronutrient Intakes in Normal and Excessive Body Weight Adolescent Girls with Clinical Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…et al indicated in their intervention study that a more significant reduction of body weight and fat tissue was achieved in adult patients with PCOS following a diet high in whey protein [ 90 ]. Our previous study, involving the same group of individuals with PCOS, showed that the likelihood of being overweight or obese was halved by an increase in plant protein intake of 10 g/day [ 22 ]. However, it has not been established whether the development of inflammation and OS in girls with PCOS might be influenced by the ratio and amount of macronutrients intake.…”

“…Therefore, our study aimed to check whether the levels of OS and inflammation markers in adolescent PCOS patients correlate with the consumption of proteins, carbohydrates and fiber, fats, and cholesterol. We investigated the above correlations separately in patients with normal weight and excess body weight, as the metabolic profile differs in overweight and obese PCOS patients compared to slim ones [ 6 , 7 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Exclusion criteria included any systemic diseases, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperprolactinemia suggestive of pituitary adenoma and androgen-secreting tumors or drugs in continuous use, use of hormone therapy or antibiotics in the last three months, intake of vitamins or supplements, drinking alcohol, and smoking. The eligibility criteria of the research have previously been described in detail [ 22 , 60 , 61 ].…”

“…The procedure of medical, anthropometric, and Body Composition Assessment has previously been described in detail in [ 22 ].…”

“…The metabolic and hormonal profile is more severe in PCOS girls with excess body weight and overweight than normal-weighted. Obesity is observed in 40–70% of young women with PCOS [ 6 , 7 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The prevalence of PCOS in adolescent girls based on a meta-analysis covering 149,477 patients from different countries (India, Iran, Thailand, Australia, and USA) is 8.67%.…”