Risk factors of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Sanglah General Hospital from March 2016 to March 2017

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia have been increasing at an alarming rate. It is a challenging task for doctors and pregnant mothers. Preeclampsia defined as new onset of hypertension (≥140mmHg systolic or ≥90mm Hg diastolic on at least two occasions 6 hours apart) and proteinuria (at least 1+ on dipstick or ≥300mg in a 24-hour urine collection) after 20 weeks of gestation. Eclampsia defined as neurologic involvement in the form of generalized tonicclonic convulsions in women with preeclampsia is termed eclampsia if the seizures cannot be attributed to any other cause such as epilepsy, cerebral infection, tumor or ruptured aneurysm. Aim: This study aims to find the association of risk factors for preeclampsia and eclampsia. The risk factors for preeclampsia and eclampsia are obesity, primigravida, multiple pregnancies, diabetes, pre-existing hypertension, family history, expecting mother's age, nutritional status, and socioeconomic status. The study was carried out by using descriptive research and data were collected from medical records in Sanglah hospital which has 140 cases. Results: The results for preeclampsia are highest in expecting the age of 20-35 years old, primigravida women with gestational age > 37 weeks, overweight and overnourished women, a middle socioeconomic status and also without risk factors. The results for eclampsia are dominant in expecting age of 20-35 years old, primigravida women with gestational age > 37 weeks, women with middle socioeconomic status and majority without risk factors, and women who are overweight and overnourished. Conclusion: Preeclampsia and eclampsia cases are highest in expecting age of 20-35 years old, primigravida women with gestational age >37 weeks, overweight and overnourished women, majority women without risk factors and from middle socioeconomic status.

Comparison of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Severe Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital Banda Aceh

“…It was consistent with the findings of Grum et al where primigravida is a risk factor for preeclampsia and eclampsia in addition to multiple pregnancies, a history of preeclampsia, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy [36]. A study by Vincent et al also showed that the highest cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia occurred in primigravida women [37].…”

Relationship of Age and Parity with Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women at Regional Technical Implementation Unit Robatal Public Health Center in 2022

“…This can lead to failure of spiral artery remodeling. Blood flow to the uteroplacental will decrease and cause hypoxia and placental ischemia (Vincent et al, 2018)…”

“…Extreme maternal stress such as ≥ age 40 years has been associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (Ukah et al, 2016). Extreme maternal age is a risk factor for preeclampsia and women aged 40 years have a 2-fold risk of developing preeclampsia compared to younger women (Vincent et al, 2018). In research conducted by Dekker and Robillard it was found that the risk of preeclampsia in the second pregnancy increases with maternal age (Indonesian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016).…”

Breast Cancer and Ways to Diagnose the Risk Factors and Treat it During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

“…The prevalence of this complication in Iran has been announced as 0.007, and this rate is increasing. Women suffering from this complication have hormonal changes (63,64). The maternal estrogen level decreases during this complication.…”