Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Countermeasures: A Literature Review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is still the primary infectious disease in the world due to HIV/AIDS. In the 2015-2019 strategic plan of the Ministry of Health, infectious diseases are one of the main priorities that must create a Healthy Indonesia. The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Indonesia is 539,000 new cases each year, with the number of deaths around 101,000 per year. Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) (+) incidence rate is around 110/ 100,000 population.
 AIM: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors and efforts to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis disease.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method was carried out by tracing the research reports/articles related to pulmonary tuberculosis incidence as many as 38 selected articles.
 RESULT: Factors that influence tuberculosis infection incidence include age, income level (socioeconomic), housing conditions, the behavior of opening windows every morning, smoking, and a history of contact with tuberculosis patients. There are various countermeasures undertaken to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis, one of which uses a tissue model. This model involves many stakeholders whose duty is to provide knowledge and record the number of sufferers. The stages of action to control tuberculosis include discovery, treatment, and surveillance.
 CONCLUSION: Facts in the field show that several factors can affect the success of implementing pulmonary tuberculosis control. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in all society components and involve other agencies beyond the health agency so the reduction in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis can be appropriately realized.

Influence analysis supportive educational nursing towards knowledge about TB disease in pulmonary TB sufferers

“…Enabling factors for the formation of knowledge of pulmonary TB sufferers in this study include the respondent's residence which is not too far from the community health center (the furthest distance between the treatment group's residence from the community health center is + 2 km), the existence of other health facilities such as pustu and private doctors' practices that are spread across Almost all sub-districts in the Paruga health center area really support the formation of knowledge of pulmonary TB sufferers. Another factor that is also influential is the existence of health cadres spread across all existing sub-districts, which is a strengthening factor for the formation of knowledge among sufferers about pulmonary TB disease (22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Faktor Determinan Kasus TB Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pamarican Kabupaten Ciamis

“…Tinggi rendahnya pendidikan akan berdampak terhadap baik tidaknya pengetahuan seseorang antara lain mengenai persyaratan rumah sehat, pengetahuan mengenai penyakit TB paru meliputi pencegahan dan pengobatan ( 7) dan (12). Kurangnya pengetahuan untuk mendapatkan informasi kesehatan, jangkauan pelayanan kesehatan yang kurang memadai (13). Oleh karena itu, dengan pengetahuan yang memadai, seseorang akan berupaya untuk menerapkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat.…”

“…Tingginya tingkat pendidikan berkorelasi dengan semakin tingginya tingkat pengetahuan, dan semakin rendahnya kejadian TB paru (7) dan (12). Tingkat pendidikan yang rendah akan mempengaruhi seberapa banyak pengalaman seseorang terutama dalam perilaku sehat (13). Sebagaimana teori Lawrence Green menyatakan, perilaku kesehatan dapat dipengaruhi oleh 3 faktor utama, yakni salah satunya adalah faktor predisposisi, yang termanifestasi dalam pengetahuan, sikap, kepercayaan, keyakinan, nilai-nilai, dan sebagainya (14).…”

“…Dalam kondisi gizi buruk, maka respon imunitas akan berkurang sehingga semakin menurunnya kemampuan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi. Selain itu, status sosial ekonomi yang rendah dapat mengakibatkan penderita tidak mampu untuk membangun rumah yang memnusi syarat atau layak (13). Dalam penelitian ini, tidak ditemukan hubungan antara tingkat pendapatan dengan kejadian TB paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pamarican.…”

Governance Efforts for TB-Friendly Village Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned from Depok City, West Java, Indonesia

“…Active citizen participation is the primary resource for solving problems [14]. Active participation by stakeholders and the community leads to a stronger, more targeted, and entrenched policy foundation [15], [16]. Stakeholders' involvement also increases the likelihood of community acceptance.…”