Risk factors of underutilization of childhood immunizations in ultraorthodox Jewish communities in Israel despite high access to health care services

Vaccination of Infants and Health Beliefs of Ultra-Orthodox Mothers

“…The findings indicate that a high percentage of ultra-orthodox Jewish mothers carry out a careful vaccination regimen in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. Our findings differ from findings presented by Muhsen et al [24] who stated that a lower percentage (65%) of ultra-orthodox children between the ages of [11] reported a vaccination coverage rate of 88.3% in ultra-orthodox communities, similar to the coverage found in our current study. A possible explanation for the high rate of vaccination of our participating mothers is having no more than three children, whereas mothers participating in Muhsen et al [24] study had more than six children.…”

“…Our findings differ from findings presented by Muhsen et al [24] who stated that a lower percentage (65%) of ultra-orthodox children between the ages of [11] reported a vaccination coverage rate of 88.3% in ultra-orthodox communities, similar to the coverage found in our current study. A possible explanation for the high rate of vaccination of our participating mothers is having no more than three children, whereas mothers participating in Muhsen et al [24] study had more than six children. A higher number of children might be related to low adherence to infant vaccination regimen among ultra-orthodox mothers due to the burden imposed on mothers taking care of many children.…”

“…Health behaviors regarding vaccination were based of the infant's vaccination card from TipatChalavor the mother's selfreport. In Israel, systematic and orderly vaccination is delivered universally to child populations by TipatChalav (Health and Development Center for Infants) [23,24]. Adhering to the vaccinations regimen signified mothers' vaccinations behaviors: HBV (Hepatitis B) is administered by intramuscular injection three times: at birth, at one month and at six months; IPV (polio) vaccine is administered by intramuscular injection: at two months, at four months, at six months and at one year; DTaP (Diphtheria,Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine, is administered by intramuscular injection: at two months, at four months, at six monthsand at one year; Hib (Haemophilusinfluenzae b), is administered by intramuscular injection: at two months, at four months, at six monthsand at one year; PCV13 (pneumococcal infections), is administered by intramuscular injection: at two months, at four months and at one year; MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) and Var (Varicella-chicken pox) are administered by subcutaneous injection once at the age of one year; and HAV (Hepatitis A), is administered by intramuscular injection twice during the second year of the child's life: at 18 months and at 24 months [23,24].…”

Factors affecting childhood immunization in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study from nationwide, population-based, multistage cluster sampling

“…This study did not show that maternal education was associated with vaccination status, which may be due to the contextual effects of maternal education on children's immunization in Lao PDR (25). Many studies have shown that maternal education or literacy is positively associated with the vaccination status of the children (1,6,8,9,13,25). In addition, some studies showed that the mother's knowledge of specific immunizations was associated with full vaccination (3,5,17).…”

“…They are considered one of the most important achievements in public health and one of the most cost-effective preventive services for children (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The major contributor to this success is the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) of the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and Global Alliance Vaccine Initiative (GAVI) (6).…”