Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Baringo County, Kenya

Kiptui, Emily G.; Kiprono, Sabella J.; Mengich, Gladys J.

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214257

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The main economic activities are pastoralism in most parts of the County and irrigation agriculture in Baringo South sub-County. This area is prone to both human and animal vector borne diseases such as malaria (10), leishmaniasis (11), brucellosis (12) and Rift Valley Fever (RVF) (13).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stakeholder Analysis for One-Health Preparedness and Operationalization in Kenya: The One-Health Scorecard Approach

Estambale,

Mutua,

Ochieng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a climate-sensitive mosquito-borne zoonotic disease with the potential to cause major economic losses due to its high mortality rate in domestic animals including cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. Disease outbreaks are closely associated with climate-driven ecosystem changes that modify interfaces between animals, humans, and the ecosystem. This study evaluated Baringo County, an administrative county in the Rift Valley of Kenya, to determine its preparedness to implement the One-Health Approach (OHA) to combat Rift Valley Fever. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to interview 31 officers from One Health-related government departments in Baringo County. A structured questionnaire based on a One-Health (OH) scorecard system was used to interrogate four components of One-Health. These included capacity, intervention science, risk management, and impact. A binary characterization of the responses was used to assign affirmative responses corresponding to good intervention practices a value of 1 and negative responses a value of zero. Chi-square tests of association were used to determine the associations between existing intervention practices and OHA preparedness. Results: The study established that Baringo County lacked a structured governance system for operationalizing OHA activities. This was characterized by poor organizational culture and insufficient resource allocation. There was no coordinated implementation of interventions between the different sectors, no implementation research to assess the efficiency of interventions, and no systems analysis within OHA interfaces. The County was, therefore, not resilient to environmental drivers of RVF and had weak risk mitigation strategies in the three One-Health interfaces that include animal, human, and ecosystems. RVF risk potential was determined to be highest in the previous RVF hotspots where its impact was severe. Conclusion: Baringo County lacks the preparedness for operationalizing the OHA in controlling RVF outbreaks. Based on these findings, the paper recommends: 1) The establishment of a County One-Health Unit comprising interdisciplinary experts from relevant sectors, 2) Capacity building to enhance OHA preparedness, 3) A continuous systems analysis to identify vulnerabilities and changes in the three One Health interfaces and 4) Integrated multisectoral planning and intervention against RVF threat.

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study was approved by the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Ethical Review Committee (ERC /04/2023 (11)). Study participants were informed about the objective of the study and written informed consent was obtained from each respondent.…”

Section: Declarations Ethics Approval and Consent To Participatementioning

confidence: 99%

Stakeholder Analysis for One-Health Preparedness and Operationalization in Kenya: The One-Health Scorecard Approach

Estambale,

Mutua,

Ochieng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Other good breeding sites for these vectors include cracks and crevices in walls, roofs that are poorly made, and thatched homes [129]. The disease spreads as a result of people moving from rural to urban areas for economic reasons [130][131][132].…”

Section: Housing and Socio-economic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Leishmaniasis

Kyari

2024

Leishmania Parasites - Epidemiology, Immunopathology and Hosts

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A zoonotic illness of importance to the public’s health is leishmaniasis. Leishmania donovani, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania mexican, and Leishmania braziliensis are the most recognised and widely distributed leishmania parasite species, and they are also the ones that cause the disease. On every continent and in more than 90 countries, the disease is present, however it appears to be absent from Australia. The disease is spread by Phlebotomus sandflies, and people, rodents, and other domestic animals act as reservoirs and unintentional hosts. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and visceral leishmaniasis are the four ways the illness can present. The spread of the disease, as well as its appearance and reemergence, are caused by risk factors include regional warfare and wars, political instability, migration of people, substandard housing, climate, vegetation cover, p7oor socioeconomic standard of life, and lack of access to quality medical care. To eradicate the disease, particularly in poor nations where it is still a threat, there is a need for increased public education, government involvement, proper surveillance, and disease reporting.

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Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Baringo County, Kenya

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Stakeholder Analysis for One-Health Preparedness and Operationalization in Kenya: The One-Health Scorecard Approach

Stakeholder Analysis for One-Health Preparedness and Operationalization in Kenya: The One-Health Scorecard Approach

Epidemiology of Leishmaniasis

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