Risk Factors Related to the Neonatal Mortality in Kurdistan Province, Iran: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) is one of the most important health indicators in the world. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the factors influencing neonatal mortality in Kurdistan province, Northwest of Iran. Methods: The current population-based case-control study was conducted in 2013. Cases were neonates who passed away within their first 28 days of life, in Kurdistan. The controls were selected among neonates who were born in the closest time and place to the case group. Data were collected using a questionnaire through interviews by a trained questioner. Chi-square, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. All analyses were conducted by SPSS version 19. Results: A significant difference was observed between the neonatal mortality and the place of residence, maternal education level, maternal passive smoking, age, neonate birth weight, type of delivery, and nutrition. Maternal passive smoking during the previous year, pregnancy interval of less than 3 years, placental abruption, age, birth weight, malformations, and asphyxia were the most important factors associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusions:To reduce the NMR, in addition to follow-up and application of national guidelines, other necessary factors including the regionalization of the maternal and neonatal cares, planning, and development of programs with the focus on the causes and risk factors of neonatal mortality in Kurdistan province should be considered.

Determinants of neonatal mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit of Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia; 2019–2020; A matched, case–control study

“…In contrast to our findings, a study by Gotbi et al (AOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.02-2.5) in Iran did not show higher neonatal mortalities among twins than among single neonates [33]. Such differences might be attributed to the country's infrastructure, quality of NICU services, and sample size.…”

Causes, Timing, and Factors Related to Neonatal Death: A Descriptive Study

“…Prematurity, congenital anomaly, RDS, sepsis, and asphyxia were the prevalent causes of death. Regarding the time of neonates' death, World Health Organization's reports show that most neonatal mortality occurs within the first day and first week of life, approximately one million neonates die on the first day, and nearly one million die within six days after birth (10). A study by Tietzmann et al demonstrated that approximately 75% of neonatal deaths occur between 0 to 6 days of birth, and 25% occur within the first 24 hours of birth (2).…”

“…It is worth noting that the rate and causes of neonatal death vary in different regions (9). In addition, the World Health Organization estimates that about 40% to 60% of neonatal deaths are preventable through low-cost interventions (10).…”

“…Global statistics suggest a slow trend in reducing neonatal mortality (1). Investigating the causes of neonatal death can lead to improved health care and, thus, reduced neonatal mortality (10). Besides, timely identification of sick neonates and prompt and appropriate intervention to reduce mortality rates are critical (5,11).…”

Predictive factors of neonatal mortality in intensive neonatal care unit at Goma Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

“…This finding corroborates findings of several authors. [21][22][23] Gestational age <37 weeks is known to contribute to higher neonatal death compared with term new born and attributes this directly to specific complication like breathing difficulties, intracranial bleeds neonatal sepsis, hypothermia and jaundice. 24 Also Li et al, 25 fund a relationship between five minutes Apgar score, which is predictive value for infant death of both very preterm, preterm and term newborns in post neonatal period.…”