Risk factors responsible for the appearance of individual clinical signs in small ruminants in northern Cameroon

Martrenchar, Arnaud; Bouchel, Didier; Zoyem, N.; Thiaucourt, François; Lambert, Maurice

doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00975-3

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The present study therefore suggests the possible role of dry, dusty harmattan weather in the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens Mycoplasma and Pasteurella multocida among small ruminants in Cameroon this finding agrees with the work of [9,10,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…One of the major constraints to increase small ruminants production in Africa has been the occurrence of infectious diseases and poor management practiced in most parts of the continent [7][8][9][10][11]. Among such diseases is the occurrence of Pasteurellosis and Mycoplasmosis [3,8,[12][13][14][15]. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is also known as 'goat plague', 'Kata', 'syndrome of stomatitis-pneumoenteritis'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of respiratory infections and the roles of husbandry practice on the productivity of small ruminants in Northern Cameroon

Mb¹,

Baba²,

He³

et al. 2017

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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The role of husbandry practice and incidence of respiratory pathogens (Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae [Mccp], Pasteurella multocida [MP] and Peste des petits ruminant virus [PPRV]) were investigated among 13 flocks consisting of 300 goats and 200 sheep in the Northern Cameroon. The variables investigated were introduction of new stock into flock, morbidity, mortality, destocking, routine tissue culture rinderpest vaccine (TCRV) vaccination and rearing of small ruminants with other animals species. Introduction of new stock was not commonly practiced by flock owners and animals in the flocks received routine TCRV vaccination. Slaughtering and sale of sick animals were the commonest means of destocking. These correlated positively with morbidity and mortality rates in all the flocks investigated. Attempts at recovery of respiratory pathogens from nasal swabs of the experimental animals revealed the following isolates: Mycoplasma (small colony) from 27% of goats and 0% of sheep; MP from 18% of goats and 5% of sheep; Mycoplasma (large colony) from 6% of goats and 10% of sheep. None of the swabs shows peste des petit ruminants virus (PPRV) isolate. The difference in the pathogen recovery rate between sheep and goat was significant. It has correlated positively with the occurrence of respiratory symptoms, morbidity and mortality in most of the flocks and locations studied. The occurrence of respiratory pathogens observed in the present studies may be an important factor in the production of small ruminants in northern Cameroon. This study has provided preliminary data for further investigation into the definite role of these respiratory infections of small ruminant in northern Cameroon. We therefore suggest the need to embark on a mass vaccination program campaign against this pathogen, and the need for strict control of animal movement to and from the neighboring countries and a periodic surveillance for respiratory pathogens be incorporated into a national program for the prevention and control measures against this endemic pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of respiratory infections and the roles of husbandry practice on the productivity of small ruminants in Northern Cameroon

Mb¹,

Baba²,

He³

et al. 2017

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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“…These results are in agreement with those of Taylor [1] who reported that although sheep are less severely affected by PPRV than goats, yet a similar serological profile was exhibited by both species. It has been demonstrated that the entire small ruminant flocks sero-converted at the same time during an outbreak in Northern Cameroon [17]. However, a different sero-conversion rate following vaccination with PPR vaccine has been reported in sheep than goats where maximum titres were detected 4 months post vaccination in sheep [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peste des Petits Ruminants Vaccine (Nigerian Strain 75/1) Confers Protection for at Least 3 Years in Sheep and Goats

Zahur¹,

Irshad²,

Ullah³

et al. 2014

JBM

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“…They thus lead to enormous disorders on host physiology particularly in kids or young animals [ 3 ]. Epidemiological studies carried out in Northern Cameroon showed that gastrointestinal helminthiasis was one of the common diseases of sheep and goats with high mortality rates, where up to 75% of mortalities were attributed to helminths infections, particularly haemonchosis and monieziosis [ 4 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro effects of aqueous extract from Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell stem bark on egg hatching, larval migration and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMaytenus senegalensis is a common shrub which is scattered in tropical Africa. Different parts of this plant have been reported to be useful in traditional medicine against gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal worms. This study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of the aqueous stem bark extract of M. senegalensis using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA) and adult worms’ motility inhibition assay (AMIA).ResultsOn EHA, the extract concentrations tested resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of egg hatching in concentration-dependent manner and ranged between 31.86% at 75 μg.mL− 1 to 54.92% at 2400 μg.mL− 1 after a 48 h post-exposure with eggs. For the LMI assays, the aqueous extract of M. senegalensis showed a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of larval migration in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest concentration used (2400 μg.mL− 1) showed a 37.77% inhibition. The use of polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) indicated that tannins and flavonoids were partly involved in the effect since the larval migration was inhibited by 15.5%, but other biochemical compounds were also implicated. On AMIA, M. senegalensis was associated with a reduced worm motility after a 24 h post exposure compared to phosphate buffered saline as control (p < 0.05). By this time 66.66% of the worms were found immotile or dead in the wells containing plant extract at 2400 μg.mL− 1. The Phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of M. senegalensis by HPLC-ESI-MSn detected the presence of proanthocyanidins (20%) and flavonoids (> 50%).ConclusionsThese in vitro results suggest the presence of some anthelmintic properties in M. senegalensis extract, which is traditionally used by small farmers in west and central Africa. These effects may be due to the flavonoids and proanthocyanidins present in the extract and need to be studied under in vivo conditions.

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Risk factors responsible for the appearance of individual clinical signs in small ruminants in northern Cameroon

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Incidence of respiratory infections and the roles of husbandry practice on the productivity of small ruminants in Northern Cameroon

Incidence of respiratory infections and the roles of husbandry practice on the productivity of small ruminants in Northern Cameroon

Peste des Petits Ruminants Vaccine (Nigerian Strain 75/1) Confers Protection for at Least 3 Years in Sheep and Goats

In vitro effects of aqueous extract from Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell stem bark on egg hatching, larval migration and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus

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