Risk for eating disorders modulates interpretation bias in a semantic priming task

Misener, Kaylee; Libben, Maya

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.03.004

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In fact, implicit biases were predictive of eating disorder (ED)-related symptomatology above and beyond the corresponding explicit biases [ 22 ]. Finally, in females with self-reported ED-traits, symptoms regarding body dissatisfaction were consistently associated with both explicit [ 23 ] and implicit [ 24 ] negative biases to food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit bias to food and body cues in eating disorders: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Background Rigid, restrictive eating patterns, fear of gaining weight, body image concerns, but also binge eating episodes with loss of control leading to overweight, at times followed by compensatory measures to control weight, are typical symptoms in eating disorders (EDs). The regulation of food intake in EDs may underlie explicit processes that require cognitive insight and conscious control or be steered by implicit mechanisms that are mostly automatic, rapid, and associated with affective-rather than cognitive-processing. While introspection is not capable of assessing implicit responses, so-called indirect experimental tasks can assess implicit responses underlying a specific behavior bypassing the participant's consciousness. Here, we aimed to present the current evidence regarding studies on implicit biases to food and body cues in patients with EDs. Methods We performed a systematic review (PRISMA guidelines). We included controlled studies performed in clinical ED cohorts (vs. healthy control subjects or another control condition, e.g., restrictive vs. binge/purge AN) and using at least one indirect assessment method of interest. Results Out of 115 screened publications, we identified 29 studies fulfilling the eligibility criteria, and present a synthesis of the essential findings and future directions. Conclusion In this emerging field of research, the present work provides cornerstones of evidence highlighting aspects of implicit regulation in eating disorders. Applying both direct (e.g., self-reports) and indirect measures for the assessment of both explicit and implicit responses is necessary for a comprehensive investigation of the interplay between these different regulatory mechanisms and eating behavior. Targeted training of implicit reactions is already in use and represents a useful future tool as an add-on to standard psychotherapeutic treatments in the battle against eating disorders. Evidence level 1 (systematic review).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit bias to food and body cues in eating disorders: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…Ten studies used the SC-IAT, whereas three studies tested participants both with the two-categories IAT and the SC-IAT ( Friese et al , 2008 ; Houben et al , 2010 ; Guidetti et al , 2012 ). Five studies used the AP task, one the semantic priming task ( Misener and Libben, 2017 ), three the AMP ( Ellis et al , 2014 ; Woodward and Treat, 2015 ; Woodward et al , 2017 ) and two the EAST or similar variants ( Hoefling and Strack, 2008 ; Veenstra and de Jong, 2010 ). Four studies combined more than one task, to investigate the role of different implicit measures in predicting behaviour ( Roefs et al , 2005a ; Conner et al , 2007 ; Seibt et al , 2007 ; Genschow et al , 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies investigated the relationship between implicit food preferences and individual variables ( Pechey et al , 2015 ; Sato et al , 2016 ; Werntz et al , 2016 ; Misener and Libben, 2017 ). Sato et al (2016) showed significant AP effect in evaluating faces subliminally primed by food or mosaic images, with no differences between high-fat and low-fat food and reported that this effect correlated with individual external eating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of implicit attitudes and their neural correlates in eating behaviour

Gallucci

Mauro

Pisoni

et al. 2020

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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An increasing number of studies suggests that implicit attitudes toward food and body shape predict eating behaviour and characterize patients with eating disorders (EDs). However, literature has not been previously analysed, thus differences between patients with EDs and healthy controls and the level of automaticity of the processes involved in implicit attitudes are still matters of debate. The present systematic review aimed to synthetize current evidence from papers investigating implicit attitudes towards food and body in healthy and EDs populations. PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically screened and 183 studies using different indirect paradigms were included in the qualitative analysis. The majority of studies reported negative attitudes towards overweight/obese body images in healthy and EDs samples and weight bias as a diffuse stereotypical evaluation. Implicit food attitudes are consistently reported as valid predictors of eating behaviour. Few studies on the neurobiological correlates showed neurostimulation effects on implicit attitudes, but the automaticity at brain level of implicit evaluations remains an open area of research. In conclusion, implicit attitudes are relevant measures of eating behaviour in healthy and clinical settings, although evidence about their neural correlates is limited.

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“…Such effects can be subconscious or subliminal and deliberately introduced in formal paradigms (Dasgupta & Greenwald, 2001;Maier, Berner, & Pekrun, 2003;Ramscar, 2016). They can also result from specific demand characteristics in a given situation (D'Souza, Booth, Connolly, Happé, & Karmiloff-Smith, 2015), from an individual's interpretation of what she or he has perceived (Misener & Libben, 2017), or from language used in the context of a query about a remembered event (Loftus, 2005). Given this, style of processing may not be a unidirectional process -in the sense of a skill or talent one has and consciously applies to some external problem or task in the world -but rather one that is elicited dynamically from interaction with the environment.…”

Section: Reflections On the Style Constructmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual-spatial processing style is associated with psychopathology in adolescents with critical congenital heart disease

Cassidy

Bernstein

Bellinger

et al. 2018

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Objective: To determine whether visual-spatial processing style is associated with psychopathology in a large sample of adolescents with critical congenital heart disease (CHD). Local (part-oriented) style was hypothesized to increase risk for internalizing (but not externalizing) forms of psychopathology. Method: Participants included 278 adolescents with critical CHD (dextro-transposition of the great arteries = 134, tetralogy of Fallot = 58, single-ventricle cardiac anatomy requiring the Fontan procedure = 86). Visual-spatial processing style was indexed using Copy Style Ratings from the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure-Developmental Scoring System. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children-Present & Lifetime Version was used to determine presence/absence of diagnosable DSM-IV psychiatric disorder(s). Processing style and psychopathology were assessed concurrently. Results: Thirty-three percent of the sample had a part-oriented processing style. In multivariable binary logistic regression models, part-orientation was associated with more than twice the odds of having an anxiety disorder (lifetime: OR = 2.2, p =.02, 95%CI = 1.1-4.1; current: OR = 2.7, p =. 03, 95%CI = 1.1-6.5) but was not associated with an increased risk for ADHD, disruptive behavior, or mood disorders (ps >.05). Conclusions: Adolescents with critical CHD who approach complex visual-spatial materials in a local, part-oriented fashion are more likely to meet criteria for an anxiety disorder than those

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Risk for eating disorders modulates interpretation bias in a semantic priming task

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Implicit bias to food and body cues in eating disorders: a systematic review

Implicit bias to food and body cues in eating disorders: a systematic review

A systematic review of implicit attitudes and their neural correlates in eating behaviour

Visual-spatial processing style is associated with psychopathology in adolescents with critical congenital heart disease

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