Risk for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers, Turin, Italy

Calcagno, Andrea; Ghisetti, Valeria; Emanuele, Teresa; Trunfio, Mattia; Faraoni, Silvia; Boglione, Lucio; Burdino, Elisa; Audagnotto, Sabrina; Lipani, Filippo; Nigra, Marco; D’Avolio, Antonio; Bonora, Stefano; Perri, Giovanni Di

doi:10.3201/eid2701.203027

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Both studies were performed in a similar time period to our analysis, as they had a lag of some months from the SARS-CoV-2 spread in the two countries; the first was conducted at the end of January, while the second in April–June. Nevertheless, seroprevalence in our study was higher than those reported by the Italian seroprevalence surveys for comparable group (9.8% in North Italy region) and than those conducted on some Italian hospitals: 4.56% [ 7 ], 5.13% [ 8 ], 6.93% [ 9 ], and 7.43% [ 6 ], while our results are in line with Baracco et al (16.79%) [ 10 ]. The test used in these studies had similar characteristics in terms of sensitivity and specificity, with diagnostic accuracy measures higher than 90%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Moreover, peak of 9.8% in Northern Italian regions was observed among HCWs. Additionally, Italian studies conducted in a specific hospital in Northern Italy showed the percentage of seropositivity to be around 5 to 7% [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], in line with national seroprevalence. Only one study conducted in Lodi hospital reported higher values (16.8%) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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High Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Healthcare Workers in a North Italy Hospital

Airoldi

Patrucco²,

Milano³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been the key players in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG anti-bodies. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among workers of two hospitals and Territorial Medical and Administrative services in Northern Italy. From 8 May to 3 June 2020, 2252 subjects were tested. Seroprevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for all individuals who were stratified by job title, COVID-19 risk of exposure, direct contact with patients, unit ward, and intensity of care. Results: Median age was 50 years, and 72% of subjects were female. The overall seroprevalence was 17.11% [95% CI 15.55–18.67]. Around 20% of healthcare assistants were seropositive, followed by physicians and nurses (16.89% and 15.84%, respectively). HCWs with high risk of exposure to COVID-19 were more frequently seropositive (28.52%) with respect to those with medium and low risks (16.71% and 12.76%, respectively). Moreover, personnel in direct contact had higher prevalence (18.32%) compared to those who did not (10.66%). Furthermore, the IgG were more frequently detected among personnel of one hospital (19.43%). Conclusion: The high seroprevalence observed can be partially explained by the timing and the population seroprevalence; the study was conducted in an area with huge spread of the infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

High Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Healthcare Workers in a North Italy Hospital

Airoldi

Patrucco²,

Milano³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…HCWs ≥50 years old had approximately a three-fold risk of seroconversion compared with HCWs of younger age groups. Also, older HCWs were reported to have higher IgG titres in an Italian HCW cohort ( Calcagno et al, 2021 ) and a higher seroprevalence in Idaho, the USA ( Bryan et al, 2020 ). Having chronic kidney disease was associated with a four-fold risk of seroconversion among HCWs in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among 4040 Egyptian healthcare workers in 12 resource-limited healthcare facilities: A prospective cohort study

Mostafa

Kandil

El-Sayed

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: We examined Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion incidence and risk factors 21 days after baseline screening among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a resource-limited setting. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 4040 HCWs took place at 12 university healthcare facilities in Cairo, Egypt; April-June 2020. Follow-up exposure and clinical data were collected through online survey. SARS-CoV-2 testing was done using rapid IgM and IgG serological tests and reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for those with positive serology. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of seroconversion. Results: 3870/4040 (95.8%) HCWs tested negative for IgM, IgG and PCR at baseline; 2282 (59.0%) returned for 21-day follow-up. Seroconversion incidence (positive IgM and/or IgG) was 100/2282 (4.4%, 95% CI:3.6-5.3), majority asymptomatic (64.0%); daily hazard of 0.21% (95% CI:0.17-0.25)/48 746 person-days of follow-up. Seroconversion was: 4.0% (64/1596; 95% CI:3.1-5.1) among asymptomatic; 5.3% (36/686; 95% CI:3.7-7.2) among symptomatic HCWs. Seroconversion was independently associated with older age; lower education; contact with a confirmed case >15 min; chronic kidney disease; pregnancy; change/loss of smell; and negatively associated with workplace contact. Conclusions: Most seroconversions were asymptomatic, emphasizing need for regular universal testing. Seropositivity was three-fold that observed at baseline. Cumulative infections increased nationally by a similar rate, suggesting HCW infections reflect community not nosocomial transmission.

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“…For this update, 12 cohort studies ( 3–9 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 ) and 6 cross-sectional studies ( 10 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 20 ) were added ( Supplement Table 1 ). Four studies were done in the United States ( 4 , 7 , 18 , 20 ), 10 in Europe (Spain [ 5 , 11 , 14 ], Italy [ 8 , 9 ], the United Kingdom [ 12 , 17 ], France [ 13 ], Sweden [ 15 ], and the Netherlands [ 15 ]), 2 in India ( 6 , 10 ), and 1 each in China ( 19 ) and Egypt ( 3 ). As with studies included in prior updates, the studies had methodological limitations, including potential recall bias, low or unclear participation rates, small sample sizes, and potential collinearity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 4 studies that controlled for confounders, adjusted ORs ranged from 1.92 to 2.79 ( 4 , 12 , 17 , 20 ). Nine new studies reported inconsistent associations between direct patient contact or contact with patients with COVID-19 and risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection or seropositivity primarily based on unadjusted risk estimates ( 3–5 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 14 , 18 , 19 ). In 2 studies that controlled for potential confounders, direct contact with patients with COVID-19 was associated with increased risk for infection versus no contact (adjusted OR, 1.69 [CI, 1.28 to 2.24]) ( 14 ) and versus a nonclinical health care worker role (adjusted OR, 3.08 [CI, 1.09 to 8.78]) ( 13 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update Alert 7: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers

et al. 2021

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Risk for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers, Turin, Italy

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

High Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Healthcare Workers in a North Italy Hospital

High Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Healthcare Workers in a North Italy Hospital

SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among 4040 Egyptian healthcare workers in 12 resource-limited healthcare facilities: A prospective cohort study

Update Alert 7: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers

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