Risk for sudden cardiac death associated with marathon running

Maron, Barry J.; Poliac, Liviu C.; Roberts, William O.

doi:10.1016/0735-1097(96)00137-4

Cited by 205 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[9] A systematic review is more rigorous than a standard literature review which Rousseau et al [18] state are "often position papers, cherry-picking studies to advocate a point of view". Given the importance of understanding the phenomenon of SCD in marathons, it is recommended that a systematic review of the literature is conducted every 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in marathons: a systematic review

Waite

Smith

Madge

et al. 2016

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

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The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the results of cohort studies that examined the incidence of SCD in marathons and to assess the quality of the methods used. A search of the PROSPERO international database revealed no prospective or published systematic reviews investigating SCD in marathons. The review was conducted using studies that reported and characterised the incidence of SCD in people participating in marathons. Studies were identified via electronic database searches (Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar) from January 1, 1966 to October 1, 2014 and through manual literature searches. 7 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. 6 of the studies were conducted in the USA and 1 in the UK. These studies covered a 34-year period involving between 215,413 and 3,949,000 runners. The SCD of between 4 and 28 people are recorded in the papers and the reported estimates of the incidence of SCD in marathons ranged widely from 0.6 to 1.9 per 100,000 runners. The proportion of those suffering SCD who were male ranged from 57.1% to 100% and the mean age reported in the papers, ranged from 37 to 48. This review raises 4 methodological concerns over i) collating reports of SCD in marathons; ii) time of death in relation to the marathon; iii) the use of registrants rather than runners in the estimates of sample size and iv) limited detail on runners exercise history.These four concerns all threaten the reliability and interpretation of any estimate of SCD incidence rates in marathons. This review recommends that the methods used to collect data on SCD in marathons be improved and that a central reporting system be established.3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in marathons: a systematic review

Waite

Smith

Madge

et al. 2016

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

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“…We focused on athletes under 35 years of age, as the causes of SCD change past 35 years, atherosclerotic coronary artery diseases becoming much more frequent (84 versus 2% before 35 years) [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Content experts within the medical profession were contacted as well as the relevant sports organizations to identify studies missed by electronic searches.…”

Section: Sudden Cardiac Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in athletes: the Lausanne Recommendations

Bille

Figueiras

Schamasch

et al. 2006

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitat

214

190

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Objectives This study reports on sudden cardiac death (SCD) in sport in the literature and aims at achieving a generally acceptable preparticipation screening protocol (PPSP) endorsed by the consensus meeting of the International Olympie Committee (IOC). Background The sudden death of athletes under 35 years engaged in competitive sports is a well-known occurrence; the incidence is higher in athletes ( ~ 2/1OO000 per year) than in non-athletes (2.5: 1 ), and the cause is cardiovascular in over 90%.Methods A systematic review of the literature identified causes of SCD, sex, age, underlying cardiac disease and the type of sport and PPSP in use. Methods necessary to detect pre-existing cardiac abnormalities are discussed to formulate a PPSP for the Medical Commission of the IOC.Results SCD occurred in 1101 (1966-2004) reported cases in athletes under 35 years, 50% had congenital anatomical heart disease and cardiomyopathies and 10% had early-onset atherosclerotic heart disease. Forty percent occurred in athletes un der 18 years, 33% under 16 years; the female/male ratio was 1 /9. SCD was reported in almost ail sports; most frequently involved were soccer (30%), basketball (25%) and running (15%). The PPSP were of varying quality and content. The IOC consensus meeting accepted the proposed Lausanne Recommendations based on this research and expert opinions (http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_886.pdf). Conclusion SCD occurs more frequently in young athletes, even those under the age of 18 years, than expected and is predominantly caused by pre-existing congenital cardiac abnormalities. Premature atherosclerotic disease forms another important cause in these young adults. A generally acceptable PPSP has been achieved by the IOC's acceptance of the Lausanne Recommendations. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13:000-000

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“…The prevalence of SSD is more often evaluated, in retrospective studies (Maron et al, 1996;Peddoe, 2007), that of SMI. The SSD rates are between 1/50000 to 1/80000 athletes in these studies.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Smimentioning

confidence: 99%