Risk Management of El Chichón and Tacaná Volcanoes: Lessons Learned from Past Volcanic Crises

Cruz‐Reyna, Servando De la; Tilling, Robert I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25890-9_8

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This is important because low levels of volcanic risk perception are common since volcanic eruptions occur less frequently than other natural hazards (Carlino et al, 2008). In addition, volcanoes are often located in tourist areas, where visitors may lack risk awareness and perception (Bird et al, 2010;Alegría and Vergara-Pinto, 2024), which can be a significant problem in crisis management (De la Cruz-Reyna et al, 2000). Volcanic risk perception can even vary city-wide, depending on whether locals experienced direct consequences of an eruption (Mafuko Nyandwi et al, 2023).…”

Section: Framing Art To Unveil the Intrinsic Connection Between Volca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intertwining volcanoes and society in Chile through arts and interdisciplinary connections

Acuña,

Clunes,

Riffo Valdebenito

et al. 2024

andgeo

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The conceptual distance between nature and society has been a concern within social sciences and interdisciplinary debates. We contribute to this discussion illustrating how arts have played an important role in demonstrating the entanglement of Earth and society through their ability to frame and shape the dynamics of the Earth across sensations. Through an examination of artistic representations in Chile, we seek to show how the proximity of Chilean society to the presence of volcanoes has been eloquently conveyed through various artistic styles across different historical epochs. Our study extends from the birth of the Chilean nation in 1818 to the year 2021, and examines a wide range of artistic representations, that encompass national symbols, image-making techniques, sculpture, art installations, poetry, music, and audiovisual works. Our research represents a pioneering effort to explore the diverse representations of volcanoes in Chile and has uncovered a remarkable diversity of artistic expressions that reflects the deep connection between Chilean society and volcanic processes and landscapes. Ever-present and often breathtaking, volcanoes have served as enduring symbols of national identity and as sources of inspiration for artists of diverse disciplines and aesthetic sensibilities. We illustrate how the arts reveal the relationship between volcanoes and social life and provide the basis for a detailed analysis that explores the temporal and spatial contexts in the representation of volcanoes and the human perception of geological phenomena in Chilean culture.

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Section: Framing Art To Unveil the Intrinsic Connection Between Volca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intertwining volcanoes and society in Chile through arts and interdisciplinary connections

Acuña,

Clunes,

Riffo Valdebenito

et al. 2024

andgeo

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“…Another historical event with which the CMV lahars can be compared corresponds to the most recent eruption at El Chichón that occurred from 28 March to 4 April 1982, resulting in the worst volcanic disaster during historical times in México, killing more than 2000 people and destroying nine towns and small communities (de la Cruz-Reyna & Tilling, 2015). When eruptive activity essentially ceased and the rainy season began, several secondary lahars were triggered in valleys draining the volcano.…”

Section: Potential Hazardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The breakout-flow sequences formed approximately two months after the cataclysmic eruption of El Chichón and affected areas beyond those damaged by the primary pyroclastic flows (Macías et al, 2004(Macías et al, , 2008. That lahar and flood killed one person, burned 3 others, and destroyed a bridge (de la Cruz-Reyna & Tilling, 2015). Macías et al (2004) highlight the importance of evaluating the morphology and drainage system of a volcano and the surrounding terrain because of the potentially profound influences.…”

Section: Potential Hazardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the lahars of the CMV, it is important to clarify that the volumes of the four oldest units have larger volumes by several orders of magnitude than those associated with the eruption of El Chichón in 1982. This historic case is also very useful for illustrating the generation of CMV lahars to the community and to the authorities in order to remember the lessons related to the little importance given at that time to volcanoes without historical records, even by volcanologists (de la Cruz-Reyna & Tilling, 2015).…”

Section: Potential Hazardmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chapter 8

SGC¹

2019

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Cerro Machín Volcano is an active volcano (4° 29' N; 75° 23' W) located in the central part of the Colombian Andes (Tolima Department, Colombia). Lahars are one of the greatest hazards associated with Cerro Machín Volcano. Approximately 300 000 people live in lowlands around the volcano. This added to the explosive potential, chemical composition, magnitude of its eruptions, and distribution of its deposits make Cerro Machín one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Colombia. Volcanic risk management of Cerro Machín requires a balance of science, education, risk reduction, and disaster management, which are all critical to the safety, well-being, and quality of life of the population living around the volcano.The highly explosive eruptions that have occurred in the last 10 000 years have generated thick sequences of pyroclastic fall and pyroclastic density current deposits, which have filled the valleys of rivers and streams within a 15 km radius of the volcano. The interaction of pyroclastic material with water generates large lahars that flow for distances greater than 100 km along the Coello and Magdalena Rivers channels. The distribution and total extension of the lahar deposits allow us to identify three deposition areas: proximal, intermediate, and distal. I identified six lahar units between the towns of Carmen de Bulira and Nariño, located 42 and 113 km from the volcano, respectively. Four units were defined as being dominated by hyperconcentrated flow deposits and two by debris flow deposits. The former are associated with pumice pyroclastic flows, while the latter are associated with block and ash pyroclastic flows. The lahars from Cerro Machín had a key role in the configuration of the regional landscape of a particularly important sector of Tolima Department. The lahar deposits dammed and changed the course of the Coello and Magdalena Rivers, forming terraces and large coalescent fans, El Guamo and El Espinal. Dam breakouts originated lahars. Hyperconcentrated flow deposits (dated 9130-8540 y BP; 4360 ± 105 y BP; 3618-3186 y BP; 1200 ± 105 y BP) and debris flow deposits (dated ca. 2500 y BP and <1200 y BP) cover an area of approximately 1074 km 2 (equivalent to a volume of 22.5 km 3 ). Numerous towns, such as Payandé,

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El Chichón volcanic activity before and after the Mw8.2, 2017, Chiapas earthquake, México. Is El Chichón ready to erupt?

Legrand,

Perton,

López-Landa

et al. 2024

Bull Volcanol

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El Chichón volcano is the most active volcano in the state of Chiapas, México, and experienced its last Plinian eruption (VEI = 5) in 1982. To better assess its volcanic hazard, we studied its readiness to erupt by estimating changes in its internal stress state. These stress changes are difficult to calculate accurately, for example in the absence of focal mechanisms, but their existence can be indirectly revealed by the presence of volcano-tectonic earthquakes, for example following a large tectonic earthquake. We show that the seismic rate recorded at El Chichón volcano increased slightly after the large Mw8.2 Tehuantepec earthquake of 8 September 2017, Chiapas. However, this rate quickly returned to its background level after only 2 months, without any external volcanic manifestations, suggesting that the volcano is not ready to erupt in the near future. Previous observations of slight increases in the volcanic seismicity rate following large earthquakes have been explained by the presence of active hydrothermal systems in the vicinity of the volcano. We propose a similar explanation for El Chichón volcano which is known for its large hydrothermal system. Furthermore, the characteristics of the 2017 seismicity (spatial and magnitude distributions), and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio also confirm the presence of high amounts of water near the volcano. We show that the 2017 volcano-tectonic seismicity is of hydrothermal rather than magmatic origin, in agreement with recent independent geochemical and aeromagnetic studies.

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Risk Management of El Chichón and Tacaná Volcanoes: Lessons Learned from Past Volcanic Crises

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Intertwining volcanoes and society in Chile through arts and interdisciplinary connections

Intertwining volcanoes and society in Chile through arts and interdisciplinary connections

Chapter 8

El Chichón volcanic activity before and after the Mw8.2, 2017, Chiapas earthquake, México. Is El Chichón ready to erupt?

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