Risk Mapping of Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Spatial Regression Model for Attica Region, Greece

Iliopoulou, Polixeni; Tsatsaris, Andreas; Katsios, Ioannis; Παναγιωτοπούλου, Αμαλία; Romaliades, Stelios; Papadopoulos, Byron; Tselentis, Yannis

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3030083

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Rajabi et al [47, 48] employed several spatial modelling techniques to map the potential risk areas of VL in the countries of southern Caucasus. Iliopoulou et al [49] used a spatial regression model to produce a risk map for VL in the Attica region, Greece. The purpose of the above studies was to generate a risk map for VL in the study area based on explanatory variables and modelling techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and predicted distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2005–2015

Ding

Wang

et al. 2019

Parasites Vectors

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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease that is spread to humans by the bites of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. Although this vector-borne disease has been eliminated in most parts of China, it still poses a significant public health burden in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Understanding of the spatial epidemiology of the disease remains vague in the local community. In the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of VL in the region in order to assess the potential threat of the disease. Methods: Based on comprehensive infection records, the spatiotemporal patterns of new cases of VL in the region between 2005 and 2015 were analysed. By combining maps of environmental and socioeconomic correlates, the boosted regression tree (BRT) model was adopted to identify the environmental niche of VL. Results: The fitted BRT models were used to map potential infection risk zones of VL in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, revealing that the predicted high infection risk zones were mainly concentrated in central and northern Kashgar Prefecture, south of Atushi City bordering Kashgar Prefecture and regions of the northern Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. The final result revealed that approximately 16.64 million people inhabited the predicted potential infection risk areas in the region. Conclusions: Our results provide a better understanding of the potential endemic foci of VL in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region with a 1 km spatial resolution, thereby enhancing our capacity to target the potential risk areas, to develop disease control strategies and to allocate medical supplies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and predicted distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2005–2015

Ding

Wang

et al. 2019

Parasites Vectors

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“…Several authors use GIS technology for mapping leishmaniasis using spatial data and environmental factors [4,18]. Golpayegani et al, [3], investigated the relationship between environmental factors (vegetation and elevation) affecting the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Leishmania donovani infection in the Southwest of Sudan: A rapid epidemiological mapping

Ah¹,

Eag²,

Rm³

et al. 2019

Ann Syst Biol

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“…An outbreak of CL and VL in Spain was associated with the construction of a park in a suburb of Madrid [ 21 ], whilst in Pakistan, CL was active in the lowlands of Chitral district, where urbanization and deforestation were prominent [ 22 ]. Green urban areas were also associated with the spread of VL in Greece [ 23 ]. In a systematic review, city expansion that encroached on the “green belt,” resulting in pockets of “green” within semi-urban areas, was identified as an important hazard for increasing CL spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of geo-climatic determinants on the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a recently emerging focus in eastern Iran

et al. 2021

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Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been reported in recent years in South Khorasan Province, a desert region of eastern Iran, where the main species is Leishmania tropica. Little is known of the influence of geography and climate on its distribution, and so this study was conducted to determine geo-climatic factors by using geographic information system. Methods The home addresses of patients with CL patients who were diagnosed and notified from 2009 to 2017 were retrieved from the provincial health center and registered on the village/town/city point layer. The effects of mean annual rainfall (MAR) and mean annual humidity (MAH), mean annual temperature (MAT), maximum annual temperature (MaxMAT), minimum annual temperature (MinMAT), mean annual number of high-velocity wind days (MAWD), mean annual frosty days (MAFD) and snowy days (MASD), elevation, soil type and land cover on CL distribution were examined. The geographical analysis was done using ArcMap software, and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were applied to determine the factors associated with CL. Results A total of 332 CL patients were identified: 197 (59.3%) male and 135 (40.7%) female. Their mean age was 29.3 ± 2.1 years, with age ranging from 10 months to 98 years. CL patients came from a total of 86 villages/towns/cities. By multivariate analysis, the independent factors associated with increased CL were urban setting (OR = 52.102), agricultural land cover (OR = 3.048), and MAWD (OR = 1.004). Elevation was a protective factor only in the univariate analysis (OR = 0.999). Soil type, MAH, MAT, MinMAT, MaxMAT, and MAFD did not influence CL distribution in eastern Iran. Conclusions The major risk zones for CL in eastern Iran were urban and agricultural areas with a higher number of windy days at lower altitudes. Control strategies to reduce human vector contact should be focused in these settings. Graphical abstract

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Risk Mapping of Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Spatial Regression Model for Attica Region, Greece

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Risk factors and predicted distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2005–2015

Risk factors and predicted distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2005–2015

Spectrum of Leishmania donovani infection in the Southwest of Sudan: A rapid epidemiological mapping

The effect of geo-climatic determinants on the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a recently emerging focus in eastern Iran

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