Risk markers associated with challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: a meta‐analytic study

Abstract

A meta-analysis of prevalence and cohort studies conducted over the last  years was carried out to identify risk markers for challenging behaviour shown by individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs). A total of  potential studies was identified from the review, with  (  .  %) containing sufficient data to enable a statistical analysis to be conducted. Results indicated that males were significantly more likely to show aggression than females, and that individuals with a severe/profound degree of ID were significantly more likely to show self-injury and stereotypy than individuals with a mild/moderate degree of ID. Individuals with a diagnosis of autism were significantly more likely to show self-injury, aggression and disruption to the environment whilst individuals with deficits in receptive and expressive communication were significantly more likely to show self-injury. In most cases, tests for heterogeneity were statistically significant, as expected. The meta-analysis highlighted the paucity of methodologically robust studies of risk markers for challenging behaviours and the lack of data on incidence, prevalence and chronicity of challenging behaviour in this population.

Identifying the prevalence of aggressive behaviour reported by Registered Intellectual Disability Nurses in residential intellectual disability services: an Irish perspective

“…This meta-analysis construed that it was extremely arduous to make comparisons between studies to formulate a median prevalence of aggression against others due to the variances of methodologically studies. However, McClintock et al (2003) did find that males were significantly more likely to show aggression against others than females, as this study did.…”

Change in Autism Symptoms and Maladaptive Behaviors in Adolescents and Adults with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…The study also noted a significant decline in maladaptive behaviors over the eight-year study period for most groups, including those with autism. A meta-analysis of research on maladaptive behaviors in children and adults with different types of intellectual disabilities found that aggression, disruptive behavior, and selfinjury were significantly more prevalent among those with ASD than other types of intellectual disabilities (McClintock, Hall, & Oliver, 2003). However, a recent study of 487 school children with pervasive developmental disorders (Lecavalier, 2005) found the least prevalent maladaptive behaviors were selfinjury and physical aggression.…”

The Prevalence and Phenomenology of Repetitive Behavior in Genetic Syndromes

“…Due to the number of different genetic syndromes employed in the study, participants were not comparable on a number of risk markers known to impact on the development of repetitive behavior including: level of ability, mobility, verbal ability, vision and hearing (Ando & Yoshimura, 1978;Fazzi et al, 1999;Guess, 1966;McClintock, 2003;Vitiello et al, 1989). Due to the non-parametric nature of the Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire data, these differences could not be taken into account at a statistical level.…”