Risk of ambulance services associated with ambient temperature, fine particulate and its constituents

Lin, Yu‐Kai; Cheng, Chia-Pei; Kim, Ho

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81197-5

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…We reviewed the titles and the abstracts of 153 studies, of which 40 met our prespecified inclusion criteria. Most (23) were from East Asia [37,41,73,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105], 10 were from Europe [5,30,53,74,75,79,[106][107][108][109], 5 were from USA and Canada [110][111][112][113][114], and far fewer were included from the Pacific region [115], Latin America, and the Caribbean [116].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most papers discussed all-cause and specific-cause mortality or morbidity, including respiratory outcomes. Of the identified papers, 24 discussed mortality from respiratory causes [5,53,[73][74][75]79,86,88,90,92,93,[95][96][97][98]100,[106][107][108][109][110][114][115][116], 14 incorporated respiratory emergency department visits and hospital admissions [30,41,87,89,91,94,99,[102][103][104][105][111][112][113], 1 was for ambulance calls for respiratory distress [101], and 1 was for lung cancer incidence [37]. The details of those studies are reported below, separately for respiratory morbidity and mortality and for heat wave episodes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increased rate for lung cancer incidence in association with high temperatures and PM 1 exposure was discussed by Guo with coauthors [37], who showed stronger incident rate for males. High daily ambulance calls for respiratory distress on extremely hot days (with temperature T > 99th percentile of distribution) with high concentrations of PM 2.5 and constituents were demonstrated for Kaohsiung in Taiwan [94]. Respiratory emergency transports during summer for episodes with high exposure of PM 10 and NO 2 were shown to be greater for males than for females in Tokyo, Japan [104].…”

Section: Heat Air Pollution and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 94%

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Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review

Grigorieva

Lukyanets

2021

Atmosphere

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Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrinsically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) significantly affect human health, increasing risks of respiratory mortality and morbidity. Concurrently, a synergistic effect of air pollution and high temperatures can be combined with weather–air pollution interaction during wildfires. The purpose of the current review is to summarize literature on interplay of hot weather, air pollution, and respiratory health consequences worldwide, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most dangerous pollution agents and vulnerable population groups. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus, focusing only on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from 2000 to 2021. The main findings demonstrate that the increased level of PM10 and O3 results in significantly higher rates of respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality. Increments in PM2.5 and PM10, O3, CO, and NO2 concentrations during high temperature episodes are dramatically associated with higher admissions to hospital in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, daily hospital emergency transports for asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and premature mortality caused by respiratory disease. Excessive respiratory health risk is more pronounced in elderly cohorts and small children. Both heat waves and outdoor air pollution are synergistically linked and are expected to be more serious in the future due to greater climate instability, being a crucial threat to global public health that requires the responsible involvement of researchers at all levels. Sustainable urban planning and smart city design could significantly reduce both urban heat islands effect and air pollution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heat Air Pollution and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 94%

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Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review

Grigorieva

Lukyanets

2021

Atmosphere

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“…From the academic point of view, there is a lack of EAS-related research on Taiwan. This can be demonstrated as follows: if we use the search query of “(ambulance) AND (weather OR temperature) AND (Taiwan OR Taipei)” to conduct a search of the most popular medical journals database, PubMed, only four publications can be found that investigate the relationship between weather and EAS demand in Taiwan ( 21 , 32 – 34 ). Hence, this study can further contribute to forming the building blocks of EAS and weather-related research for Taiwan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for location-specific biometeorological indexes in Taiwan

Wong

Nguyen²

2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveAs most available biometeorological indexes were developed decades ago in western countries, the benefit of using these indexes to study the effect of weather on human health in modern eastern countries is questionable. This study aimed to reconfirm the effectiveness of applying these biometeorological indexes when analyzing demand for daily emergency ambulance services (EAS) in Taipei.MethodsMore than 370,000 EAS usage records were analyzed in this study. The records were first allotted into different time-series data by age, gender, triage level, and case nature (trauma/non-trauma) in order to represent different kinds of daily EAS demand. They were then regressed on biometeorological indexes [Apparent Temperature (AT) and Net Effective Temperature (NET)]; the indexes' additional descriptive power to describe the daily EAS demand over traditional weather factors was then assessed.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in the descriptive powers in terms of effect on daily EAS demand of the biometeorological indexes and traditional weather factors. The largest improvement on the regression models' adjusted-R2 using NET and AT was only 0.008.ConclusionIt may not be a good idea to make direct use of the biometeorological indexes developed in western countries decades ago. Taiwan should have a tailor-made biometeorological index for a better representation of its unique situation.

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“…Thus, if more than one lag estimate was presented [15,[17][18][19][27][28][29] , the shortest lag in the study was selected to calculate the pooled OR [24,30] . The study that only provided cumulative lag (lag 0-5) was also used to determine overall risk estimates [31] .…”

Section: Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ambient air pollution and cardiovascular symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2023

Cardiology Plus

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Background and purpose: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disease burden globally. Previous studies have suggested that air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular symptoms, however, the results are controversial. Thus, we conducted this study to systematically review available evidence quantifying the relationship between exposure to ambient gaseous and particulate air pollutants and cardiovascular symptoms. Methods: Three databases were searched up to September 10, 2022, for articles investigating the association of air pollutants including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤10 μm and ≤2.5 μm (PM10 and PM2.5) with cardiovascular symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, respiratory distress, and palpitation. Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for chest pain in association with PM2.5. Egger test was used to assess publication bias in the included studies. Results: Of the 16 studies that were included in the systematic review, 10 were used to calculate the pooled OR for chest pain. Most of them were from developed countries, where air pollution levels were relatively low. Short-term exposure to air pollutants may increase the risk of chest pain, with the pooled OR 1.016 (95% CI 1.003–1.030) per 10 μg/m³ increment of PM2.5. Conclusions: Air pollution is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular symptoms, especially chest pain. However, most current studies are conducted in low-pollution regions. More studies from high-pollution regions are needed to confirm the role of ambient air pollution in cardiovascular symptoms and reveal the underlying health effects.

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Risk of ambulance services associated with ambient temperature, fine particulate and its constituents

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review

Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review

The need for location-specific biometeorological indexes in Taiwan

Association of ambient air pollution and cardiovascular symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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