Risk of Breast Cancer With Oral Contraceptive Use in Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer

Grabrick, Dawn M.; Hartmann, Lynn C.; Cerhan, James R.; Vierkant, Robert A.; Therneau, Terry M.; Vachon, Celine M.; Olson, Janet E.; Couch, Fergus J.; Anderson, Kristin E.; Pankratz, V. Shane; Sellers, Thomas A.

doi:10.1001/jama.284.14.1791

Cited by 175 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Additionally, oral contraceptive use has also been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in those with a first degree relative with this disease (Grabrick et al 2000). In a case control study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, BRCA1 mutation carriers who used oral contraceptives for at least five years (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.60) or those who used oral contraceptives before age 30 (odds ratio = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.52) had a modest but significant increase in breast cancer risk.…”

Section: Oral Contraceptive Use and Hormone Replacement Therapy (Hrt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

BRCA1 in hormonal carcinogenesis: basic and clinical research

Rosen¹,

Fan²,

Isaacs³

2005

Endocr Relat Cancer

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The breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene-1 (BRCA1) located on chromosome 17q21 encodes a tumor suppressor gene that functions, in part, as a caretaker gene in preserving chromosomal stability. The observation that most BRCA1 mutant breast cancers are hormone receptor negative has led some to question whether hormonal factors contribute to the etiology of BRCA1-mutant breast cancers. Nevertheless, the caretaker function of BRCA1 is a generic one and does not explain why BRCA1 mutations confer a specific risk for tumor types that are hormoneresponsive or that hormonal factors contribute to the etiology, including those of the breast, uterus, cervix, and prostate. An accumulating body of research indicates that in addition to its wellestablished roles in regulation of the DNA damage response, the BRCA1 protein interacts with steroid hormone receptors (estrogen receptor (ER-a) and androgen receptor (AR)) and regulates their activity, inhibiting ER-a activity and stimulating AR activity. The ability of BRCA1 to regulate steroid hormone action is consistent with clinical-epidemiological research suggesting that: (i) hormonal factors contribute to breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers; and (ii) the spectrum of risk-modifying effects of hormonal factors in BRCA1 carriers is not identical to that observed in the general population. These data suggest a model for BRCA1 carcinogenesis in which genomic instability leads to the initiation of cancerous cell clones, while loss of normal restraint on hormonal stimulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation allows amplification of these pre-existing clones. Further research will be required to substantiate this hypothesis.

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Section: Oral Contraceptive Use and Hormone Replacement Therapy (Hrt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

BRCA1 in hormonal carcinogenesis: basic and clinical research

Rosen¹,

Fan²,

Isaacs³

2005

Endocr Relat Cancer

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“…Currently there are several hormonal methods available other than oral pills such as transdermal patches, vaginal rings and intrauterine systems [3]. Although OCs may be useful in preventing of pregnancies but the results from research studies suggest their negative effects on health such as coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, risk of breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In the present study blood serum enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltranseferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amino transeferases (SGOT and SGPT), serum proteins (albumin and globulin) and DNA damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied among women of different age groups using OCs for various durations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oral Contraceptive Pills on the Blood Serum Enzymes and DNA Damage in Lymphocytes Among Users

et al. 2015

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The continuous use of synthetic hormones as contraceptive pill or hormonal replacement therapy among women is increasing day by day. The widespread use of different formulations as oral contraceptives by women throughout their reproductive cycle has given rise to a serious concern for studying the effects of oral contraceptives on enzymatic profile and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes among users. The present study was carried out on women taking oral contraceptives. The study was based on the questionnaire having the information of reproductive history, fasting, age, health, nature of menstrual cycle, bleeding and other disease. The profile of the blood serum enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aminotransferases (SGOT and SGPT), serum proteins (albumin and globulin) and DNA damage in lymphocytes was studied among users and non-users. The results of the present study suggest that OCs not only effects enzymatic activity but also results in DNA damage that may vary with the duration of using oral contraceptives. A significant increase in LDH, GGT, SGPT, SGOT, globulin and decrease in ALP as well as albumin was found among users as compared to non-users. The observed DNA damage was more in users as compared to non-users. Hormonal contraceptives seem to exert DNA damage and also have significant effects on blood serum enzymes.

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“…For ovarian cancer, there is some evidence to suggest that oral contraceptive use reduces risk for mutation carriers, as in the general population (4), although the data are inconsistent (5). Nearly all of the studies in the meta-analysis and the studies of mutation carriers included women with at least some exposure to the high-dose hormone formulations used before the mid 1970s, but current clinical decisions are based on low-dose formulations (6). Consequently, mutation carriers and their physicians face difficult decisions regarding the risks and benefits of oral contraceptive use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Early-Onset Breast Cancer in Carriers and Noncarriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations

Milne¹,

Knight

John

et al. 2005

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

137

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Background: Recent oral contraceptive use has been associated with a small increase in breast cancer risk and a substantial decrease in ovarian cancer risk. The effects on risks for women with germ line mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are unclear. Methods: Subjects were population-based samples of Caucasian women that comprised 1,156 incident cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed before age 40 (including 47 BRCA1 and 36 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and 815 controls from the San Francisco Bay area, California, Ontario, Canada, and Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. Relative risks by carrier status were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, comparing oral contraceptive use in case groups defined by mutation status with that in controls. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, oral contraceptive use for at least 12 months was associated with

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Risk of Breast Cancer With Oral Contraceptive Use in Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer

Cited by 175 publications

References 30 publications

BRCA1 in hormonal carcinogenesis: basic and clinical research

BRCA1 in hormonal carcinogenesis: basic and clinical research

Effect of Oral Contraceptive Pills on the Blood Serum Enzymes and DNA Damage in Lymphocytes Among Users

Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Early-Onset Breast Cancer in Carriers and Noncarriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations

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