Risk of Cancer in a Community Exposed to Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances

Messmer, Mindi; Salloway, Jeffrey C.; Shara, Nawar; Locwin, Ben; Harvey, Megan; Traviss, Nora

doi:10.1177/11786302221076707

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A complete case ascertainment of thyroid cancer incidence in residents of the communities surrounding the facility in the C8 Study did not find elevated risk based on residence in PFOA‐contaminated water districts (n = 40 exposed cases) or based on estimated PFOA serum levels (n = 15 exposed cases) 23 . A recent ecologic study in Merrimack, New Hampshire observed higher rates of thyroid cancer compared to national incidence rates (RR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.12‐1.93) among residents whose public drinking water supplies exceeded the national health advisory limit for PFOA 47 . Important limitations of these existing studies include evaluation of only one PFAS (ie, PFOA) and the small numbers of thyroid cancer cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediagnostic serum concentrations of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in the Finnish Maternity Cohort

Madrigal,

Troisi,

Surcel

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Human exposure to per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurs globally through contaminated food, dust, and drinking water. Studies of PFAS and thyroid cancer have been limited. We conducted a nested case‐control study of prediagnostic serum levels of 19 PFAS and papillary thyroid cancer (400 cases, 400 controls) in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (pregnancies 1986‐2010; follow‐up through 2016), individually matched on sample year and age. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for log2 transformed and categorical exposures, overall and stratified by calendar period, birth cohort, and median age at diagnosis. We adjusted for other PFAS with Spearman correlation rho = 0.3‐0.6. Seven PFAS, including perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), N‐ethyl‐perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (EtFOSAA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were detected in >50% of women. These PFAS were not associated with risk of thyroid cancer, except for PFHxS, which was inversely associated (OR log2 = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70‐0.97). We observed suggestive but imprecise increased risks associated with PFOA, PFOS, and EtFOSAA for those diagnosed at ages <40 years, whereas associations were null or inverse among those diagnosed at 40+ years (P‐interaction: .02, .08, .13, respectively). There was little evidence of other interactions. These results show no clear association between PFAS and papillary thyroid cancer risk. Future work would benefit from evaluation of these relationships among those with higher exposure levels and during periods of early development when the thyroid gland may be more susceptible to environmental harms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediagnostic serum concentrations of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in the Finnish Maternity Cohort

Madrigal,

Troisi,

Surcel

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Evidence is accumulating indicating that PFAS could potentially cause harmful renal, hepatic, immunotoxic, reproductive, and endocrine disrupting effects [6,[12][13][14][15]. PFAS are probably also carcinogenic [3,5,[16][17][18][19][20][21] and possibly induce neurobehavioral and developmental effects [15]. There is some evidence indicating that in early life phases (in utero, childhood) humans might be more sensitive to adverse health effects of PFAS [15,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and immune system-related diseases: results from the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS) 2008–2014

et al. 2023

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Background The successive FLEHS campaigns assess internal exposure to pollutants and associated early biological and health effects in participants of different age groups. Materials and methods Mother–newborn pairs (N = 220 in 2008–2009, age 18–42 years; N = 269 in 2013–2014, age 18–44 years), 197 adolescents 14–15 years (2010–2011), 201 adults 20–40 years (2008–2009) and 205 adults 50–65 years (2014) were recruited. For the various groups of subjects different sets of PFAS were assessed. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) were determined in cord plasma and peripheral serum as these were the PFAS compounds for which we had access to high quality measurements and which were expected to be present in the highest concentrations. Participants filled out a questionnaire based on the European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire on asthma and allergy. In these cross-sectional studies associations were assessed using stepwise multiple logistic regression, with confounders (including smoking and familial occurrence of the disease) and potential covariates selected on the basis of experience in our previous studies and a literature search. Forest plots of odds ratios summarize the associations between the various PFAS on the one hand and the different immune outcomes on the other hand. Results For several self-reported immune system-related diseases inverse associations with PFAS serum concentrations were observed. These inverse associations were more pronounced in mothers and adults than in adolescents. A significant inverse association was observed in adults and mothers (for mothers based on measurements on cord plasma) between PFNA, PFOS, and PFHxS and asthma (for mothers also for PFOA), in mothers between PFHxS, PFNA and PFOS and allergic rhinitis, in mothers and adults between PFHxS and PFOS and some forms of allergy (for mothers also for PFOA), in adults between PFOA and eczema, and in adolescents between PFOS and systemic allergy. Conclusion Internal exposure to PFAS was associated with changes in immunological processes consistent with what has been reported in the literature. Whereas these changes were observed in many publications to be associated with adverse health effects, our findings suggest that they can also lead to inverse associations with certain immune system-related diseases.

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“…There is mounting evidence linking exposure to a range of adverse outcomes including renal, hepatic, immunotoxic, reproductive, and endocrine disrupting effects [11][12][13][14][15]. PFAS have carcinogenic properties [6,[16][17][18][19][20][21] and possibly induce neurobehavioral and developmental effects [14]. There is concern that fetal and childhood periods are sensitive exposure windows for adverse health outcomes of PFAS [14,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurobehavioral function and cognition in adolescents (2010–2011) and elderly people (2014): results from the Flanders Environment and Health Studies (FLEHS)

et al. 2022

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Background PFAS are persistent, bioaccumulative compounds repelling water, oil and stains which are widely used. There is mounting evidence linking exposure to a range of adverse health outcomes including renal, hepatic, immunotoxic, reproductive, endocrine disrupting and carcinogenic effects. PFAS possibly also induce neurobehavioral and developmental effects. Within Flanders Environment and Health Studies (FLEHS) internal exposure to PFAS and relevant health effects are assessed since 2008. Results Adolescents 14–15 y (2010–2011) living in an industrially contaminated area (without known PFAS contamination) and adults 50–65 y (2014) randomly sampled from the general Flemish population using a stratified clustered multi-stage design, were recruited. For the adolescents perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were measured in serum, for the adults PFOS, PFOA, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). In adolescents the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES3) computerized battery of tests developed to study the neurological effects of an exposure to environmental agents was applied. The adults did the Stroop test, the NES3 Continuous Performance Test and the NES3 Digit Span Test. In adolescents sleepiness, masculinity and femininity were assessed via the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Personal Attributes Questionnaires, respectively. In adolescents PFOA was associated with significantly increased somnolence, and PFOS with a significant inverse association with boys’ femininity and with girls’ masculinity. In adolescents, PFAS were also associated with a marginal decrease in sustained attention (PFOS) and cognitive performance (PFOA) and a significant decrease in short-term memory (PFOS). However, in older adults PFOS was associated with a significant increase in the capacity to pay attention and PFHxS with a significant increase in sustained attention. Conclusion Our observations point to neurobehavioral and cognitive effects of PFAS. The neurobehavioral effects might in part result from the changes in sex hormone levels that have been reported to be associated with internal exposure to PFAS. Interestingly, whereas in relation to cognition some adverse effects were recorded for adolescents, for elderly persons our observations rather suggest possible weak positive effects with respect to cognition. Our observations might be in line with the view that PFAS have many, sometimes contrasting health effects.

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Risk of Cancer in a Community Exposed to Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Prediagnostic serum concentrations of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in the Finnish Maternity Cohort

Prediagnostic serum concentrations of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in the Finnish Maternity Cohort

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and immune system-related diseases: results from the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS) 2008–2014

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurobehavioral function and cognition in adolescents (2010–2011) and elderly people (2014): results from the Flanders Environment and Health Studies (FLEHS)

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