Risk of chronic diseases limiting longevity and healthy aging by lifestyle and socio-economic factors during the life-course – a narrative review

Abstract

The review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature focusing on the most serious risk factors of non-communicable diseases and collects current knowledge on their distribution, determinants, clusters, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. Especially, the life-course approach is stressed, early life consequences of the later onset of chronic diseases, the risk behavior and its social, socio-economic and psychosocial determination is reviewed. Potential of preventing these harmful consequences has a lifelong approach. The aim is to demonstrate the opportunity for future health system transformation in terms of public health prevention regarding the non-communicable diseases. It is concluded that personalized lifestyle medicine should address a patient's health by empowering them with the information they need to regain control of their health. Preventive methods should be tailored for each patient, considering such patient's specific genes, environment, lifestyle, early life factors and social patterns of risk factors to avoid burden of health in later age. Intervention and preventive measures should target not only to individual factors but should reflect wider social, psychosocial and socioeconomic consequences. It is also crucial from the point of view of public health to consider data on exposome, which are not included in epidemiological studies as well as its impact on health in the context of non-communicable diseases. Med Pr. 2021;72(5)

Effectiveness of therapeutic patient education interventions for chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials

“…In the last decade, our understanding of the etiology of chronic diseases has significantly improved owing to advances in public health and epidemiology. This has brought to attention the adverse sequelae of unhealthy lifestyles and attitudes such as sedentariness, psychological stress, poor diet, tobacco use, and/or alcohol consumption ( 3 , 4 ). The management of the chronic disease has also been improved by new technologies, drugs, and innovative procedures.…”

Using an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system for prediction of successful aging: a comparison with common machine learning algorithms

“…The rapid growth of the elderly population has led to the transmission of epidemiology because the rapid increase in life expectancy has replaced heart diseases and cancer as the leading causes of death compared to other factors. As a result, although the risks of infectious diseases have decreased in these countries, the rate of chronic degenerative diseases has increased [ 18 – 20 ]. Therefore, it is crucial to deviate from the undesirable perception of the elderly period as one full of disease, disability, and loss of functions, and shift the attention to vigorous aging and improving the QoL of the elderly [ 21 ].…”

Telescreening satisfaction: disparities between individuals with diabetic retinopathy and community health center staff

“…The prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, continues to rise along with increasing population longevity and lifestyle transformation [ 1 , 2 ]. Individuals with chronic diseases require high-quality, accessible health care with disease management that is comprehensive, continuous, and personalized [ 3 ].…”