Risk of colorectal cancer after the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A population‐based study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A rigorous assessment of the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among prostate cancer (PC) survivors that controls for important confounding factors and competing risks is necessary to determine the risk of CRC in this population and to inform screening guidelines. METHODS: With data from Manitoba, Canada, subjects diagnosed with PC as their first cancer between 1987 and 2009 were age-matched with up to 5 men with no history of invasive cancer on the PC diagnosis date. Subjects were followed to the date of diagnosis of CRC or another cancer, death, emigration, or the study endpoint (December 31, 2009). Competing risk proportional hazards models were used to compare the CRC incidence between those with PC and those without PC with the following model covariates: history of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, frequency of health care visits, diabetes, and socioeconomic status. Mutually exclusive competing outcomes included CRC, another primary cancer, and death. RESULTS: For a total of 559,081 personyears, 14,164 men with PC and 69,051 men without PC were followed. Men diagnosed with PC had an increased risk of a subsequent diagnosis of CRC (all CRC: hazard ratio [HR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.27; rectal cancer: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09-1.71). The treatment of PC with radiation was associated with an increased risk for rectal cancer (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.42-2.99) in comparison with PC cases not treated with radiation. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of CRC is increased after a diagnosis of PC and is highest for rectal cancer among those treated with radiation. CRC screening should be considered soon after the diagnosis of PC, especially for men planning for radiotherapy. Cancer 2016;122:1254-60.

Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors

“…Men diagnosed with prostate cancer had an increased risk of a subsequent diagnosis of CRC (All CRC: HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.27; Rectal Cancer: HR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.09–1.71). The treatment of prostate cancer with radiation was associated with an increased risk for rectal cancer (HR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.42–2.99) in comparison with those not treated with radiation [36, 37].…”

Colorectal cancer screening utilization among breast, cervical, prostate, skin, and lung cancer survivors

“…Advancement in cancer detection and treatment has improved survival rates leading to a growing population of cancer survivors [ 2 , 3 ]; however, cancer survivors are at a 20% increased risk of developing a secondary cancer [ 4 ]. Second cancers can reflect the carcinogenetic effects of cancer-related treatment (i.e., chemotherapy and radiation) [ 5 – 7 ], as well as the effect of lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, and shared etiologic factors [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Androgen receptor functions as transcriptional repressor of cancer-associated fibroblast activation

“…In this context, we also note a reported association between melanoma incidence and previous history of prostate cancer, even if it was not determined whether prostate cancer patients were subjected to ADT (39,40). In addition, a positive correlation between ADT of prostate cancer patients and subsequently increased incidence of colorectal cancer was reported (41,42). RT-qPCR analysis of AR mRNA expression in 3 independent HDF strains stably infected with 2 different CSL-silencing lentiviruses (sh CSL1, CSL2) versus control vector (sh CT).…”