Risk of dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorantraniliprole assessed by using whole‐body dosimetry in Korea

Noh, Hyun Ho; Lee, Jae Young; Park, Hyo K.; Lee, Jung W.; Jo, Seung Hyeon; Kim, Jeong‐Han; Kwon, Hye-Young; Kyung, Kee Sung

doi:10.1002/ps.5255

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In general, unit exposure was much lower in seedcoating than in conventional spraying methods such as knapsack pesticide exposure to seed coating workers www.soci.org spray. [32][33][34] We confirmed that unit exposure depended on the type of work undertaken, as previously reported by others. 35 At the same level of chemical exposure, it is expected that less-toxic pesticides pose a lower risk to operating workers than highly toxic pesticides.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We showed that unit exposure was correlated less with the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide but had a large connection with the type of work undertaken. In general, unit exposure was much lower in seed‐coating than in conventional spraying methods such as knapsack spray 32–34 . We confirmed that unit exposure depended on the type of work undertaken, as previously reported by others 35 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Tracking pesticide exposure to operating workers for risk assessment in seed coating with tebuconazole and carbofuran

Han

Huang

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Coating seed with pesticides is an effective way to control plant pests, however, factory‐based coating processes may carry a potential risk to operational workers of chemical exposure. To study the risk, carbofuran and tebuconazole were used to coat corn seed and their subsequent distribution on the bodies of workers was measured at manufacturers XFS and LS (Shanxi, China). Clothing was collected from workers during operations and analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS At XFS, dermal exposure to carbofuran was 4.83, 3.31 and 1.48 mg kg−1, and exposure to tebuconazole was 6.88, 5.16 and 1.72 mg kg−1 for coating, packing and transport workers, respectively. At LS, dermal exposure to carbofuran was 2.32, 0.46 and 0.55 mg kg−1, and exposure to tebuconazole was 1.69, 0.46 and 0.70 mg kg−1, for coating, packing and transport workers, respectively. The level of pesticide exposure was significantly higher for seed‐coating workers than for packing and transport workers. The main area of exposure was the hands for all workers and the lower limbs for packers; exposure was relatively uniform for pesticide handlers. Occupational risk was assessed based on margin of exposure (MOE). In seed‐coating, the MOE was greater than 100 for tebuconazole, indicating no potential risk, but ranged from 0.25 to 2.88 for carbofuran, indicating the risk of a health impact. CONCLUSION The level of exposure varied depending on type of operation undertaken and body parts of workers' body, but the risk of a health impact was highly associated with pesticide toxicity. This provides a guideline for workers in pesticide manufacturing to ensure safe operation of the seed‐coating process. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Tracking pesticide exposure to operating workers for risk assessment in seed coating with tebuconazole and carbofuran

Han

Huang

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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“…In pepper fields, characterized by high plant density and closely spaced rows, workers frequently interact with crops. This pattern is consistent with previous research on Korean cabbage, rice, and pepper, where body parts at the same height as the crops showed higher exposure distribution 8 , 25 , 41 , 44 , 49 . Dermal exposure on inner clothing during application ranged from 0.025 to 4.763 mg.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In this study, we employed the WBD method to assess dermal exposure and the distribution patterns throughout the entire body of agricultural workers during the mixing/loading and application phases 8 . Table 1 and Table S3 presents data on dermal and inhalation exposure and distribution specifically for chlorothalonil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These samplers have been widely adopted for respiratory exposure measurements due to their user-friendly design and high trapping efficiency 10 , 11 , 16 . Previous studies have examined pesticide exposure levels among agricultural workers, focusing on dermal and inhalation routes and employing sampling by specific body parts, such as gloves, hands, face, and coveralls 8 , 10 , 16 , 18 . Additionally, the risk assessment of pesticide exposure in agricultural workers has been reported using the risk index (RI) 9 , 10 , 16 , 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure and risk assessment for agricultural workers during chlorothalonil and flubendiamide treatments in pepper fields

Lee,

Song,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Pesticides are indispensable tools in modern agriculture for enhancing crop productivity. However, the inherent toxicity of pesticides raises significant concerns regarding human exposure, particularly among agricultural workers. This study investigated the exposure and associated risks of two commonly used pesticides in open-field pepper cultivation, namely, chlorothalonil and flubendiamide, in the Republic of Korea. We used a comprehensive approach, encompassing dermal and inhalation exposure measurements in agricultural workers during two critical scenarios: mixing/loading and application. Results revealed that during mixing/loading, dermal exposure to chlorothalonil was 3.33 mg (0.0002% of the total active ingredient [a.i.]), while flubendiamide exposure amounted to 0.173 mg (0.0001% of the a.i.). Conversely, dermal exposure increased significantly during application to 648 mg (chlorothalonil) and 93.1 mg (flubendiamide), representing 0.037% and 0.065% of the total a.i., respectively. Inhalation exposure was also evident, with chlorothalonil and flubendiamide exposure levels varying across scenarios. Notably, the risk assessment using the Risk Index (RI) indicated acceptable risk of exposure during mixing/loading but raised concerns during application, where all RIs exceeded 1, signifying potential risk. We suggest implementing additional personal protective equipment (PPE) during pesticide application, such as gowns and lower-body PPE, to mitigate these risks.

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New Insights into Occupational Exposure and Risk Assessment of Nanopesticides and Conventional Pesticides for Agricultural Workers

Wang,

Zhang,

Gao

et al. 2024

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Quantifying dermal and inhalation exposure to nanopesticides is essential for risk assessment and management. This study investigated the potential dermal and inhalation exposures characteristics of applying nanopesticides in wheat fields and assessed the associated occupational health risks for workers exposed to nanopesticides. The mean recoveries of the established analytical methods ranged from 70% to 104%, the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.6 to 11.2%, and the limits of quantification were 1 μg/kg. The total dermal (and inhalation) exposures were as follows: 6153.192 ± 2006.998 μg (0.001 ± 0.001 μg), 3337.832 ± 464.828 μg (<0.001 μg), 5117.742 ± 1174.357 μg (0.003 ± 0.002 μg), and 4351.127 ± 527.835 μg (0.001 μg) when spraying different tebuconazole formulations including suspension concentrate, nanoemulsion, nanocapsules, and microcapsules, respectively. The exposure of spraying nanopesticides was generally not significantly different from that of conventional pesticide formulations. The thighs exhibited the highest exposure among workers during operation, so protective measures for the operator's legs should be strengthened. The operator is recommended to wear long clothes and pants and prefer back-to-wind moving backward for spraying operations to minimize exposure. All risk quotients were less than 1, indicating that the occupational health risks associated with spraying tebuconazole nanopesticides and conventional formulations under poor, moderate, and better protection precautions remain acceptable. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the safe use and risk management of nanopesticides.

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Risk of dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorantraniliprole assessed by using whole‐body dosimetry in Korea

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Tracking pesticide exposure to operating workers for risk assessment in seed coating with tebuconazole and carbofuran

Tracking pesticide exposure to operating workers for risk assessment in seed coating with tebuconazole and carbofuran

Exposure and risk assessment for agricultural workers during chlorothalonil and flubendiamide treatments in pepper fields

New Insights into Occupational Exposure and Risk Assessment of Nanopesticides and Conventional Pesticides for Agricultural Workers

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