Risk of developing major depression and bipolar disorder among adolescents with atopic diseases: A nationwide longitudinal study in Taiwan

Wei, Han Ting; Lan, Wen Hsuan; Hsu, Ju Wei; Huang, Kou‐Yuan; Su, Tung Ping; Li, Cheng Ta; Lin, Wei Chen; Chen, Tzeng Ji; Bai, Ya Mei; Chen, Mu Hong

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.012

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Likewise, several mechanistic pathways including but not limited to immune dysfunction and genetic polymorphisms and abnormalities in the circadian system may contribute to a higher prevalence of BD in obese individuals . Although we found that only weak evidence supports asthma as a putative risk factor for BD, a recent large prospective study found that asthma and other atopic diseases may increase the risk of BD …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Systematic assessment of environmental risk factors for bipolar disorder: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

Bortolato¹,

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Systematic assessment of environmental risk factors for bipolar disorder: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

Bortolato¹,

et al. 2017

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“…The evidence for these associations is mediated by the relatively small number of studies included, most of which were cross sectional and lacked data to adjust for confounding factors. However, for asthma, a retrospective cohort 45 and large prospective study 46 also support the association, which may be mediated by shared inflammatory pathways 126,127 or the use of corticosteroids during early childhood. 38,45 Medication and lifestyle factors significantly confound the association with obesity, for which there are few prospective studies and weak evidence for a directly causal relationship, while the association with traumatic brain injury is potentially confounded by 'accident proneness' or physical abuse.…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

Rowland

Marwaha

2018

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

368

177

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Bipolar disorder is a multifactorial illness with uncertain aetiology. Knowledge of potential risk factors enables clinicians to identify patients who are more likely to develop bipolar disorder, which directs further investigation, follow up and caution when prescribing. Ideally, identifying directly causative factors for bipolar disorder would enable intervention on an individual or population level to prevent the development of the illness, and improve outcomes through earlier treatment. This article reviews the epidemiology of bipolar disorder, along with putative demographic, genetic and environmental risk factors, while assessing the strength of these associations and to what extent they might be said to be 'causative'. While numerous genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified, the attributable risk of individual factors is often small, and most are not specific to bipolar disorder but are associated with several mental illnesses. Therefore, while some genetic and environmental factors have strong evidence supporting their association with bipolar disorder, fewer have sufficient evidence to establish causality. There is increasing interest in the role of specific gene-environment interactions, as well as the mechanisms by which risk factors interact to lead to bipolar disorder.

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“…Medical service for MDD (including major depression and any depressive disorder) was defined by the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] (296.2X, 296.3X, 300.4X, and 311), given by a board certificated psychiatrist during at least two outpatient services or one inpatient service [ 32 , 33 ]. The time to the MDD treatment was obtained from the first visit within three years of the index children’s death date.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the risk of depressive disorders following the loss of a young child: a nationwide population-based longitudinal study

et al. 2021

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Background Losing a child to death is one of the most stressful life events experienced in adulthood. The aim of the current study is to investigate parental risk of seeking treatment for major depression disorders (MDD) after a child’s death and to explore whether such connection may operate differentially by parents’ prior medical condition. Methods We studied a retrospective cohort of 7245 parents (2987 mothers and 4258 fathers) identified in the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan (NHIRD) who had lost a child with age between 1 and 12 years. For comparison, the parents of 1:4 birth year- and gender-matched non-deceased children were retrieved (16,512 mothers and 17,753 fathers). Gender-specific Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate risk. Results Nearly 5.0% and 2.4% of bereaved mothers and fathers sought treatment for MDD within three years after a child’s death, significantly higher than 0.8% and 0.5% in the non-bereaved parents. With covariate adjustment, the hazard ratio (HR) for maternal and paternal seeking treatment for MDD was estimated 4.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.35–6.64) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.27–2.95), respectively. The increased risk of MDD varied by prior disease history; specifically, the increased risk of seeking treatment for MDD was especially prominent for those without chronic physical condition (CPC) (e.g., mothers with CPC: aHR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56–3.65 vs. no CPC: aHR = 9.55, 95% CI: 6.17–14.79). Conclusions After the death of a child, parental elevated risk of MDD was especially prominent for the women and those without prior medical condition. Effective strategies addressing bereavement may require family-based, integrated physical and mental healthcare and even extended counseling service.

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Risk of developing major depression and bipolar disorder among adolescents with atopic diseases: A nationwide longitudinal study in Taiwan

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

Systematic assessment of environmental risk factors for bipolar disorder: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

Systematic assessment of environmental risk factors for bipolar disorder: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

Gender differences in the risk of depressive disorders following the loss of a young child: a nationwide population-based longitudinal study

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