Risk of endometrial cancer in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia treated with total laparoscopic hysterectomy

Abstract

Keywords: atypical endometrial hyperplasia endometrial cancer hysteroscopy total curettage total laparoscopic hysterectomy a b s t r a c t Objective: Distinguishing atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and endometrial cancer (EC) is often difficult, and patients with a preoperative diagnosis of AEH are sometimes diagnosed with EC after hysterectomy. In this study, we assessed the risk factors for EC in patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) with a preoperative diagnosis of AEH. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of AEH using endometrial cytology, biopsy (fractional and total curettage), and hysteroscopic inspection. Results: Four of 20 (20%) patients were diagnosed with EC after TLH, all of whom had endometrioid adenocarcinoma Grade 1 and Stage IA without lymph node metastasis. Four of seven (57%) patients who were highly suspected of having EC by three diagnostic modalities (cytology, fractional curettage, and by hysteroscopy) were diagnosed with EC after TLH, whereas none of the 13 without any suspicious findings in these examinations were diagnosed with EC (p ¼ 0.007 by Fisher's exact test). Hysteroscopic findings were positive (suspicious of EC) in six of 11 patients tested, including all four EC patients. However, either endometrial cytology or fractional curettage alone failed to predict cancer in two EC patients. All four EC patients were also suspected of having EC by total curettage. Ovarian preservation was performed in 12 (60%) patients. Three of the four EC patients received subsequent surgery, including pelvic lymphadenectomy. Conclusion: Careful preoperative examinations, including hysteroscopy, might be useful to evaluate the risk of EC. Accordingly, we should be still careful about the possibility of overdiagnosis in patients with AEH.

The mapping of cancer incidence and mortality trends in the UK from 1980–2013 reveals a potential for overdiagnosis

“…0.7 to 1.92) 35 . Patterns of uterine or endometrial cancer detection could have arisen through changes in diagnostic practices, in particular in which atypical endometrial hyperplasia is now labelled as endometrial cancer 36 .…”

Laparoscopic Surgery for Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia with Awareness Regarding the Possibility of Endometrial Cancer

“…In recent years, some studies have suggested that hysteroscopic endometrial resection may be useful to reduce the risk of undiagnosed EC. [ 11 20 21 ] Although hysteroscopic endometrial resection for EC is associated with the risk of intraperitoneal spread of malignant cells,[ 22 23 24 25 ] it does not affect the prognosis in early EC. [ 23 26 ] Further studies are required to confirm the usefulness and safety of diagnostic hysteroscopy for AEH.…”

Simultaneous FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy in Endometrial Atypical Hyperplasia and Cancer

“…Consequently, in the FTIR and Raman spectra a difference in the intensity of functional groups, as well as their absence, can be observed. However, in the literature information can be found about the risk of cancer disease in women with atypical hyperplasia, as well as about the similarity of the microscopy images of ovaries with cancer cells and atypical hyperplasia [ 41 , 42 ]. This could suggest that Raman spectroscopy offers more accurate results to distinguish the ovarian tissues with analyzed diseases.…”