Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma for patients treated with direct-acting antivirals: steps after hepatitis C virus eradication to achieve elimination

Lee, Hsuan-Shu

doi:10.21037/tgh.2018.02.03

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Immune cell therapy is a vital part of tumor therapy. Natural killer (NK) cells are critical innate immune cells 11 , which can directly kill tumor cells by secreting perforin and granzyme and through an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity effect 12 . They can also inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PD-1-positive Natural Killer Cells have a weaker antitumor function than that of PD-1-negative Natural Killer Cells in Lung Cancer

Niu¹,

Li²,

Zhu³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint inhibitor, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), have provided a breakthrough in the treatment of lung cancer. However, the function of PD-1 in natural killer (NK) cells of cancer patients remains unclear. Herein, we analyzed the expression of PD-1 on the NK cells in the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer and found that the level of PD-1 + NK cells in patients was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. Moreover, these PD-1 + NK cells demonstrated a weaker ability to secrete interferon-gamma (INF-γ), granzyme B, and perforin, and exhibited lower CD107a expression. Importantly, in patients with lung cancer, the percentage of PD-1 + NK cells was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of IL-2 in the plasma, which was also higher than that in healthy individuals. In addition, IL-2 could increase the expression of PD-1 on NK cells in vitro, indicating that high IL-2 level in the plasma is largely responsible for the abundance of PD-1 + NK cells in patients with lung cancer. These findings demonstrate intriguing mechanisms for understanding the expression of PD-1 on NK cells and the function of PD-1 + NK cells in lung cancer. This study confirms and extends previous studies demonstrating that PD-1 can negatively regulate the antitumor function of NK cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PD-1-positive Natural Killer Cells have a weaker antitumor function than that of PD-1-negative Natural Killer Cells in Lung Cancer

Niu¹,

Li²,

Zhu³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…According to the opinion of Lee, in the situation of late diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C, 15-30% of patients develop cirrhosis of the liver and are at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma [17]. Patients with hepatitis C are obliged to use primary health care in the local environment in which general practitioners play a key role in the care of chronically ill patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expectations of patients with hepatitis C from family physicians – a Polish example

Sierpińska¹

2022

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. In Poland, approximately 1.9% of the general population is infected with Chronic hepatitis C (HCV), which develops in about 70-80% of infected patients who require constant care from family physicians. Objective. The aim of the study was to define the kinds of expectations of patients with chronic HCV from family physicians. Materials and method. The study included 220 patients with HCV, and was conducted using a dignostic survey, the Patient Request Form (PRF) and an author-constructed questionnaire.Results. The respondents most often expected from a family physician, an explanation of the disease (9.67 scores), and obtaining information concerning examinations and treatment (9.65 scores), while to a lesser degree, emotional support (6.92 scores). Respondents with higher education to a significantly higher degree expected an explanation of the essence of the disease. Patients who were inactive occupationally significantly more frequently expected emotional support and information concerning examinations and treatment. Respondents who considered themselves disabled due to HCV, to a significantly higher degree expected emotional support and information concerning examinations and treatment. The remaining variables: age, gender, place of residence, marital status, self-reported state of health and ordered, diet had no significant effect on the expectations of patients with chronic hepatitis C from family physicians. Conclusions. Patients with HCV, to the highest degree expected an explanation of the disease and information concerning examinations and treatment, and to a lower degree -emotional support during consultations.

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“…Previous studies have shown that classical immune cells, such as CD8 + T cells, play an important role in acute and chronic HCV infection (1)(2)(3). However, there is still a lack of research on some newly emerging immune cell populations.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in circulating follicular helper T cells in peripheral blood of patients with acute hepatitis C virus infection

et al. 2020

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Background: To investigate the changes in circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) in peripheral blood of patients with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its correlation with symptom severity of the disease.Methods: A total of 105 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 35 healthy people, 35 patients with acute HCV infection and 35 acute HCV patients with antiviral therapy. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of molecular markers related to the surface of cTfh cells, such as CD69, HLA-DR and CD57, and ELISA was used to detect the secretion of cytokines (IL-21, IL-4) in each group. The relationship between these markers and disease was analyzed statistically.Results: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the percentage of CD69 in peripheral blood of patients with acute hepatitis C infection was (18.90%±9.29%) significantly higher than that of normal control group (5.10%±4.21%) and antiviral treatment group (11.50%±5.38%). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of HLA-DR and CD57 were consistent with CD69. The serum levels of IL-4 and IL-21 in the acute HCV infection group were significantly higher than those in the treatment and the control groups. After antiviral treatment, IL-4 and IL-21 levels significantly decreased but remained higher than those in the control group. This showed that antiviral treatment was effective, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The ratio of cTfh in infected group was negatively correlated with HCV RNA content (r=−0.6858, P=0.0028).Conclusions: Antiviral immune response in patients with acute hepatitis C infection may be related to the proportion of T helper cells in peripheral blood circulation follicles. Dynamic detection of the number of T helper cells in clinical practice is conducive to identifying more effective methods to treat acute hepatitis C infection, which has important theoretical and clinical significance.

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Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma for patients treated with direct-acting antivirals: steps after hepatitis C virus eradication to achieve elimination

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

PD-1-positive Natural Killer Cells have a weaker antitumor function than that of PD-1-negative Natural Killer Cells in Lung Cancer

PD-1-positive Natural Killer Cells have a weaker antitumor function than that of PD-1-negative Natural Killer Cells in Lung Cancer

Expectations of patients with hepatitis C from family physicians – a Polish example

Changes in circulating follicular helper T cells in peripheral blood of patients with acute hepatitis C virus infection

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