Risk of HIV infection on patients and staff of two dialysis centers: Seroepidemiological findings and prevention trends

Comodo, Nicola; Martinelli, Francesco; Majo, E. De; Colao, Maria Grazia; Pietro, Massimo Antonio Di; Manescalchi, Francesco; Salvadori, M; Lanciotti, Eudes

doi:10.1007/bf00144746

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Of the 3,420 participants, two surgeons, both of whom reported nonoccupational risk factors, were HIV positive (258). Other seroprevalence studies similarly have shown low rates of HIV seropositivity among HCWs without nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection (Table 6) (20,66,71,80,82,107,117,118,123,163,215,264 One limitation of seroprevalence studies is that the extent of occupational and nonoccupational exposure to HIV among tested workers is usually unknown. Also, the rates may be underestimates if individuals deferred testing because they knew they were or suspected they might be HIV positive.…”

Section: Hiv Seroprevalence Surveys Among Hcwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Management of Blood-Borne Infections in Health Care Workers

Beltrami¹,

et al. 2000

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SUMMARY Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). We review the risk and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HCWs and also discuss current methods for preventing exposures and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. In the health care setting, blood-borne pathogen transmission occurs predominantly by percutaneous or mucosal exposure of workers to the blood or body fluids of infected patients. Prospective studies of HCWs have estimated that the average risk for HIV transmission after a percutaneous exposure is approximately 0.3%, the risk of HBV transmission is 6 to 30%, and the risk of HCV transmission is approximately 1.8%. To minimize the risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission from HCWs to patients, all HCWs should adhere to standard precautions, including the appropriate use of hand washing, protective barriers, and care in the use and disposal of needles and other sharp instruments. Employers should have in place a system that includes written protocols for prompt reporting, evaluation, counseling, treatment, and follow-up of occupational exposures that may place a worker at risk of blood-borne pathogen infection. A sustained commitment to the occupational health of all HCWs will ensure maximum protection for HCWs and patients and the availability of optimal medical care for all who need it.

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Section: Hiv Seroprevalence Surveys Among Hcwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Management of Blood-Borne Infections in Health Care Workers

Beltrami¹,

et al. 2000

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“…HIV does not spontaneously penetrate intact skin, and airborne transmission of these viruses does not occur [11][12][13]. Other seroprevalence studies similarly have shown low rates of HIV seropositivity among HCWs without non-occupational risk factors for HIV infection [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure, Risk Perception and Access to Prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS Infection among Health Care Workers in Northern Nigeria

Amoran¹

2013

BJMMR

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Introduction: This study was designed to describe occupational exposure, risk perception and access to prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS among the health care workers in Northern Nigeria. Methods: This study is an analytical cross-sectional study. Multistage sampling technique was used to obtain a representative sample and a structured selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect relevant information. Results: A total of 421 health care workers were interviewed, 5.2% reported percutaneous exposure to HIV infected blood or body fluids in the workplace in the last 6 months. Predictors of risk perception were working in public facilities [OR=2.28, C.I=1.26-4.15], male gender [OR=3.42, C.I=1.59-7.36] and training on infection control [OR=1.94, C.I=1.13-3.34]. Significantly more males [OR=2.33, C.I=1.12-4.94], those in public facilities [OR=5.85, C.I=1.97-19.48], urban facilities [OR=24.99, C.I=3.67-491.82] and those in tertiary facilities [[OR=17.96, C.I=6.04-59.99] reported a greater access to prophylaxis medication. Conclusion: The study concludes that male health care workers that are young, working in public facilities and have insufficient knowledge about HIV/AIDS have a high risk perception for HIV/AIDS while those in urban and public facilities especially tertiary facilities reported a ready access to prophylaxis medication. Uneven distribution of medication and other health care resources in Northern Nigeria and similar populations

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“…6 Additional seroprevalence studies in HCWs, including surgeons, dentists, and even morticians, have consistently documented a very low positive rate when those with risk factors other than occupational exposure were excluded ( Table 1). 7–17 Although these analyses do not quantify the extent of exposure to HIV precisely in most of the workers tested, they are useful in that they do not suggest a high rate of previously unidentified infection among those groups studied.…”

Section: Seroprevalent Studies In Healthcare Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: What Healthcare Providers Should Know

Aboulafia

1998

Cancer Practice

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Postexposure prophylaxis with zidovudine may reduce the risk of occupational infection by 80%. Advances in the ability to ameliorate HIV transmission rates and to treat individuals with resistant disease through innovations in drug therapy, engineering of controls for injury prevention, and more focused postexposure evaluation offer the hope of reducing this infrequent, but dangerous, occupational threat.

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Risk of HIV infection on patients and staff of two dialysis centers: Seroepidemiological findings and prevention trends

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Risk and Management of Blood-Borne Infections in Health Care Workers

Risk and Management of Blood-Borne Infections in Health Care Workers

Occupational Exposure, Risk Perception and Access to Prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS Infection among Health Care Workers in Northern Nigeria

Occupational Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: What Healthcare Providers Should Know

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