Risk of hypertension and reduced kidney function after acute gastroenteritis from bacteria-contaminated drinking water

Evaluation of GFR Estimating Equations in the General Community

“…This could explain the difference between Coresh's prevalence of chronic renal failure and ours but underlines the difficulty that is encountered when attempting to use the MDRD estimating equation. It also is possible that our general population sample has a slight increased risk for kidney impairment in the two thirds of the population who experienced gastroenteritis at the time of the water contamination (34). However, we did not note a significant association with self-reported gastroenteritis with the CG or MDRD estimates of CKD but adjusted our OR for this factor (Table 3).…”

Cardiovascular disease after Escherichia coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis

“…These discrepant results suggest 2 possible scenarios: either there is no causal link between E. coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis and cardiovascular events, or an association exists but we were unable to detect it in the present study. Despite the robust association with hypertension, 23,27 it is possible that the biological mechanisms thought to link E. coli O157:H7 and cardiovascular disease are inadequate to precipitate major cardiovascular events -or perhaps 10 years is not long enough for such events to manifest. Alternatively, by virtue of participating in the Walkerton study, participants received extra health care and screening for hypertension and kidney disease.…”

“…26 Population sampling and other methodologic details for the Walkerton Health Study are provided elsewhere. 23,27 The date of enrollment in the Walkerton study was the first day of follow-up, referred to as the index date (Jan. 3, 20023, , to Dec. 11, 2002). In the current study, we included 4 groups of adults aged 40-89 years on the index date: 3 groups were from the Walkerton study (adults with no, mild or severe gastroenteritis during the outbreak) and 1 control group comprised of residents from the surrounding communities that were unaffected by the outbreak.…”

Risk of pregnancy-related hypertension within five years of exposure to bacteria-contaminated drinking water

“…These findings are supported by the results of an earlier study of all WHS participants in which those who reported moderate to severe gastroenteritis had a significantly increased risk of hypertension. 4 A subclinical renal injury would be more likely to increase the risk of chronic vs gestational hypertension. Unlike chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension is a condition unique to pregnancy and is related more to the function of the placenta than to the kidney.…”

“…4 Normal pregnancy involves a variety of hemodynamic changes, including marked renal vasodilation and increases in the glomerular filtration rate. The attenuation in systemic vascular resistance is attributed to the increased synthesis of vasodilatory prostaglandins.…”