Risk of infant anemia in 3-6 months old babies and its association with maternal anemia

J, Hemachitra; Monisha, A.

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181517

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Higher prevalence in above Indian studies could be because of higher Hb cut off. 13 Occurrence of iron deficiency anemia in our study was significantly associated with low birth weight, preterm delivery, and NICU stay with multiple blood sampling. All infants born preterm had iron deficiency anemia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Study of iron deficiency anemia in infants of 3 to 6 months age group and its risk factors: a cross sectional study

Ganjigunta

Ahirrao

Premalatha

et al. 2021

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Iron deficiency anemia in 3-6 months-old infants is often neglected. Its presence in healthy infant of less than 6 months of age is largely debated. Neglecting IDA in this critical phase of growth can lead to serious consequences. The aim and objective of the study was to estimate the frequency of IDA in 3-6 months old infants, admitted in rural tertiary care hospital and to study its risk factors.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric department of rural tertiary care hospital. 100 infants in the age group 3-6 months were included in the study. Relevant maternal and infant factors were noted. CBC with blood indices, peripheral blood smear and reticulocyte count were studied. Anemia in them was defined as hemoglobin <9.5 g/dl. IDA was diagnosed based in history, examination, indices, and peripheral smear.Results: 22% of infants of 3-6 months had IDA. 40.9% of infants with IDA were low birth weight compared to 11.5% without IDA (p value<0.05). All pre-terms included in the study had IDA. 16% of term, normal birth weight, exclusively breast-fed infants had IDA. Underweight and stunting were seen in 31.8 % and 30.8% of IDA infants compared to 9% and 5.4% of infants without IDA.Conclusions: IDA was quite common in infants less than 6 months and also seen in healthy, term and exclusively breast-fed babies, so universal iron supplementation before 6 months need to be considered in National Iron plus Initiative in India. Preterm, LBW babies and babies with NICU stay are at higher risk of IDA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Study of iron deficiency anemia in infants of 3 to 6 months age group and its risk factors: a cross sectional study

Ganjigunta

Ahirrao

Premalatha

et al. 2021

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…6 Hemachitra et al, in their study confirmed that low haemoglobin and poor weight gain in term 3-6 months old babies were significantly associated with maternal anemia in last trimester. 26 In support of this, various studies conducted to know the prevalence of anemia in mothers around this region showed high prevalence of anemia in pregnant mothers. Prevalence of anemia in antenatal mothers was 73% in Belgaum and 96.5% in Koppal, Karnataka India, whereas it was 98% in Sonipat Haryana India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…A study conducted by Hemachitra et al to assess the prevalence of anemia in 3-6 months old babies with a similar cut off value of Hb showed a prevalence of 65.8%. 26 In Asia, the prevalence of anemia in children under 2 years of age may exceed 90%. 31 The prevalence of anemia among fullterm infants may be as high as 80% at 3-6 months and 90% at 6-9 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During infancy, IDA is associated with more risk of infectious diseases, impaired growth, increased incidence of breath holding spells and febrile seizures. 25,26 The first 6 months of life which is vulnerable to ID and IDA is also a time of rapid brain growth and child development. It is widely accepted that iron deficiency can have long-term consequences that are often irreversible.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of anemia in exclusively breastfed full term babies between 3-6 months of age

Marol

2021

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding for 6 months without examination for anemia. However there are concerns about the feasibility and safety of this recommendation. Cochrane review studies especially in developing countries, suggest that exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months without iron supplementation may compromise the hematologic status of children leading to IDA and its consequences. So the question arises; does absolute breast feeding protect infants from anemia during first 6 months of life? The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia in exclusively breastfed babies between 3-6 months of age.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January 2019 and December 2019 at Shivajyoti Institute of Child Health-Haveri, in exclusively breastfed infants aged between 3-6 months who attended OPD and underwent complete blood count examination. Hemoglobin levels were collected and anemia was defined and classified as per WHO criteria for 6-24 months old children.Results: Out of 81 infants 52 were males and 29 were females. Age wise, 26 babies were 3 months, 34 were 4 months and 21 were 5 months old. A total of 71 children had anemia; 49 mild, 20 moderate and 2 severe. The prevalence of anemia was 87.6% and it was highest (92.3%) at 3 months of age.Conclusions: Exclusively breastfed infants between 3-6 months are at increased risk of anemia. Therefore infants after 3 months, should be evaluated for anemia and iron deficiency which is the commonest cause of anemia. Such infants should be supplemented with oral iron in addition to exclusive breast feeding for 6 months, to prevent adverse effects of IDA on infants’ growth and development.

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“…It is described in age groups as: hemoglobin levels <10.3 g/dL (3-5 months), 16 <11.0 g/dL (6-59 months), and <11.5 g/dL (5-11 years). 17,18 Bradycardia after induction of general anesthesia is described as a 20% or greater decrease in heart rate as compared to the baseline value before induction of general anesthesia or during stable anesthesia. 19 It is assessed after induction of general anesthesia until recovery from anesthesia.…”

Section: Operational Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Bradycardia After Induction of General Anesthesia and Associated Factors Among Surgical Pediatric Patients. A Prospective Observational Study

Ilala,

Teku Ayano,

Seife

et al. 2023

PHMT

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Heart rate is the main determinant factor of the child's cardiac output in the first year of life. Thus, bradycardia decreases cardiac output leading to fatal cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and even death. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of bradycardia and its associated factors after induction of general anesthesia among pediatric patients operated at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH). Methods: Prospective observational study was employed at HUCSH by using a systematic random sampling technique. Pediatric surgical patients less than 6 years old were included in the study. Data were entered into Epi data statistical software (version 4.6.0.) and exported to SPSS (version 25.0). Categorical data were analyzed using chi-square statistics, and continuous data were analyzed using Student's t-test. Bivariable logistic regression was used to select candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of bradycardia among 205 pediatric patients included in this study was 19.5%. Preoperative risk of hypoxia, opioids premedication, inhalational induction (halothane), difficult intubation, intraoperative complications, and significant surgical blood loss were independently associated with bradycardia. Conclusion:The prevalence of bradycardia after induction of general anesthesia was 19.5%. Preoperative risk of hypoxia, opioids premedication, inhalational induction (particularly with halothane), difficult intubation, intraoperative complications such as hypoxia, and significant blood loss were significantly associated with bradycardia.

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Risk of infant anemia in 3-6 months old babies and its association with maternal anemia

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Study of iron deficiency anemia in infants of 3 to 6 months age group and its risk factors: a cross sectional study

Study of iron deficiency anemia in infants of 3 to 6 months age group and its risk factors: a cross sectional study

Prevalence of anemia in exclusively breastfed full term babies between 3-6 months of age

Prevalence of Bradycardia After Induction of General Anesthesia and Associated Factors Among Surgical Pediatric Patients. A Prospective Observational Study

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