Risk of Metabolic Syndrome according to Intakes of Vegetables and Kimchi in Korean Adults: Using the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010–2011

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the relations between total vegetable and Kimchi intakes and the risk of metabolic syndrome (Mets) in Korean adults.Methods: This study used dietary intake and health data of 6668 subjects aged 20 years and over from the 2010-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Daily intakes of total vegetables and Kimchi were assessed by 24-hour recall data. The odds ratio of Mets risk according to daily intake of vegetables and Kimchi was analyzed, respectively. Results:The highest consumption of total vegetables was associated with a lower risk of abdominal obesity (multivariable adjusted OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.93) in men and lower risk of Mets (multivariable adjusted OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.94) in women. Kimchi consumption was not related to the risk of Mets in both men and in women. However, a higher intake of Kimchi was associated with an increased risk of elevated blood pressure (Q1 vs Q5, multivariable adjusted OR=1.34, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.90, P for trend= 0.0261) in women.Conclusions: A higher intake of vegetables was associated with decreased risk of abdominal obesity and Mets in both men and women, respectively. A higher consumption of Kimchi was not related to the risk of Mets in both in men and in women. However, a higher intake of Kimchi was associated with an increased risk of elevated blood pressure in women.Korean J Community Nutr 22(6): 507~519, 2017 KEY WORDS OR of metabolic syndrome, vegetable intake, Kimchi intakeThis is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. RESEARCH ARTICLE

Association between Phthalate Exposure and Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Repeated Panel Data Study

“…Older adults with fresh-food intake, including regular fruit intake, may have less instant food, which is typically wrapped in plastic, a typical source of phthalate exposure for (older) adults in daily living [ 48 , 49 ]. Vegetable consumption was not related in our sample, likely due to the relatively high level of vegetable consumption in the typical Korean diet among Korean older adults; for example, kimchi, a traditional Korean dish of salted and fermented vegetables, is served as a side with almost every meal [ 50 ]. Further studies are needed on the protective mechanism of a healthy diet including fruit intake on DEHP exposure.…”