Risk of onset of menopausal symptoms in periods surrounding menopause

Abstract

To cite this version:Séverine Sabia, Agnès Fournier, Sylvie Mesrine, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Françoise ClavelChapelon. Risk of onset of menopausal symptoms in periods surrounding menopause.. Maturitas, Elsevier, 2007, 58 (4) AbstractObjective: To assess the risk of onset of menopausal symptoms at different periods surrounding menopause, and variations in this risk according to age at menopause and type of menopause. Methods: We analyzed the 27,897 women participating in the French E3N cohort study who reached menopause during a 10-year follow-up period (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000). Self-administered questionnaires, completed approximately every 24 months, included questions on the use of hormonal treatments, reproductive factors, personal history of a variety of diseases and the occurrence of personal medical events, including menopausal symptoms. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed from multivariate Cox models. Results: When compared to the year preceding menopause, the risk of onset of menopausal symptoms was higher in the year following menopause (for natural menopause (n = 25,753), HR= 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.27, and for artificial menopause (n = 2,147), HR= 2.21, 95% CI: 1.93, 2.52). More than one year prior to menopause and more than one year after, HRs were significantly below unity. The risk of onset of menopausal symptoms in the year following menopause was 1.47-fold (95% CI: 1.31, 1.64) higher in women having undergone an artificial menopause than in women who had had a natural menopause. In other periods, the risks did not differ significantly according to type of menopause. Those who experienced menopausal symptoms in the 1-5 year period following menopause were more likely to have reached their menopause before 51 years. Conclusions:The risk of onset of menopausal symptoms at different time periods surrounding menopause varies according to both type of menopause and age at menopause.

Risk factors for onset of menopausal symptoms

“…In the descriptive part on onset of menopausal symptoms according to menopausal status, one should keep in mind that a large majority of women in the cohort used PHT (which is prescribed when menopause is confirmed), thus decreasing the number of women experiencing their symptoms after menopause. Detailed results on the risk of onset of menopausal symptoms according to periods surrounding menopause were presented elsewhere [18].…”

“…Information on menopausal symptoms were derived from the following question "Are you experiencing (or have you ever experienced) menopausal symptoms (hot flushes, etc.)?" included in each of the five followup questionnaires as defined in a previous study [18]. So, women could report hot flushes as well as others symptoms that she felt in relation with menopause.…”

Age at menopause and factors associated with attainment of menopause in an urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria

“…Artificial menopause, on the other hand, is the cessation of menstruation following either surgical removal of both ovaries (with or without hysterectomy) or iatrogenic cessation of ovarian function (e.g. chemotherapy or radiation) 14 .…”

Ocorrência de fogachos e sua relação com os ritmos circadianos de temperatura periférica do punho, atividade/repouso e estados de humor em mulheres na pós-menopausa.

“…A severidade dos sintomas (fogachos e ressecamento vaginal) pode estar relacionada com os níveis hormonais (FSH e estradiol) nos anos que precedem e que sucedem à menopausa. No entanto, antes do inicio dos ciclos irregulares, a fertilidade começa a diminuir e as concentrações dos hormônios se mostram alteradas (Sabia et al, 2007). (Rance, 2009) embora existam controvérsias na literatura, na qual autores (Gill et al, 2009a;Gill et al, 2009b;Hall et al, 2009;Downs e Wise, 2009) afirmam que há diminuição do pulso de freqüência e da amplitude de GnRH com o envelhecimento.…”