Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from contaminated water systems

Shutler, Jamie D.; Zaraska, Krzysztof; Holding, Thomas; Machnik, Monika; Uppuluri, Kiranmai; Ashton, Ian; Migdał, Łukasz; Dahiya, Ravinder

doi:10.1101/2020.06.17.20133504

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Finally, the assessment and appropriate treatment of wastewater is a measure that will be key in reducing the effect of sewage transmission of the virus into natural water systems. Specifically, Shutler et al (2020) outlines which countries pose the highest risk based on survival of the virus in wastewater. As such, high risk areas should act with caution and be attentive regarding how their wastewater is handled and treated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Casanova et al, 2009 found that in lake water, another coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), was stable for longer than 2 weeks. Finally, modelling studies by Shutler and colleagues that extrapolate infectivity from in vitro studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 viral particle may be stable for up to ~25 days in warmer regions of the world ( Shutler et al, 2020 ). The study also predicted how differing environments around the world differ in relative risk of the virus in wastewater discharge ( Shutler et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pandemic danger to the deep: The risk of marine mammals contracting SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater

Mathavarajah

Stoddart

Gagnon

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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We are in unprecedented times with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has impacted public health, the economy and our society on a global scale. In addition, the impacts of COVID-19 permeate into our environment and wildlife as well. Here, we discuss the essential role of wastewater treatment and management during these times. A consequence of poor wastewater management is the discharge of untreated wastewater carrying infectious SARS-CoV-2 into natural water systems that are home to marine mammals. Here, we predict the susceptibility of marine mammal species using a modelling approach. We identified that many species of whale, dolphin and seal, as well as otters, are predicted to be highly susceptible to infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In addition, geo-mapping highlights how current wastewater management in Alaska may lead to susceptible marine mammal populations being exposed to the virus. Localities such as Cold Bay, Naknek, Dillingham and Palmer may require additional treatment of their wastewater to prevent virus spillover through sewage. Since over half of these susceptibility species are already at risk worldwide, the release of the virus via untreated wastewater could have devastating consequences for their already declining populations. For these reasons, we discuss approaches that can be taken by the public, policymakers and wastewater treatment facilities to reduce the risk of virus spillover in our natural water systems. Thus, we indicate the potential for reverse zoonotic transmission of COVID-19 and its impact on marine wildlife; impacts that can be mitigated with appropriate action to prevent further damage to these vulnerable populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic danger to the deep: The risk of marine mammals contracting SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater

Mathavarajah

Stoddart

Gagnon

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since COVID19 is a pandemic spread in 215 countries, it covers countries with wastewater treatment plants and other developing countries where wastewater is directly sent to the aquatic environment untreated. Thus, the presence of viable SARS-CoV-2 virus or RNA in aquatic environment is reported by several authors [ [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] ].…”

Section: Spread Of Sars-cov-2 In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

The role of wastewater treatment plants as tools for SARS-CoV-2 early detection and removal

Lesimple

Jasim

Johnson

et al. 2020

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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“…Recently, Shutler [ 37 ], quantified the survival of SARS-COV-2 virus in some aquatic systems. Furthermore, it suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can survive in untreated sewage systems and viral loads can be high, making it a potential route of fecal-oral transmission, the detection time is up to 25 days.…”

Section: Persistence Of Covid-19 (Sars-cov-2) In Aquatic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations on water quality and the use of chlorine in times of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in the community

García-Ávila

Valdiviezo-Gonzáles

Cadme-Galabay

et al. 2020

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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This review goal is to reflect on the challenges and prospects for water quality in the face of the pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19). Based on the information available so far, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater has raised interest in using it as an early warning method, to detect the resurgence of infections and to report the risk associated with contracting SARS-CoV-2 in contact with untreated water or inadequately treated wastewater is discharged. The wastewater-based epidemiological approach can be used as an early indicator of infection within a specific population. On the other hand, it is necessary to collect information from the managers of drinking water supply companies and professionals who are related to water quality, to know SARS-CoV-2 data and information, and its influence on drinking water quality. The basic purpose of this review article is to try to provide a valuable and quick reference guide to COVID-19. Important topics were discussed, such as detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in various parts of the world; wastewater screening to monitor COVID-19; persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in aquatic systems; the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in drinking water; clean water as a mechanism to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic; chlorine as a disinfectant to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 and damage to ecosystems by the use of chlorine. Currently does not exist extensive literature on the effectiveness of water and wastewater treatment processes that ensure the correct elimination of SARS-CoV-2. Excessive use of disinfectants such as chlorine is causing effects on the environment. This document highlights the need for further research to establish the behavior of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in aquatic systems. This study presents an early overview of the observed and potential impacts of COVID-19 on the environment.

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Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from contaminated water systems

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Pandemic danger to the deep: The risk of marine mammals contracting SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater

Pandemic danger to the deep: The risk of marine mammals contracting SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater

The role of wastewater treatment plants as tools for SARS-CoV-2 early detection and removal

Considerations on water quality and the use of chlorine in times of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in the community

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