Risk of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to lifetime filter cigarette smoking

Stellman, Steven D.; Muscat, Joshua E.; Thompson, Seth; Hoffmann, Dietrich; Wynder, Ernst L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970801)80:3<382::aid-cncr5>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 158 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…44,45) Also, it was shown in humans that switching from nonfilter to filter cigarettes will reduce the risk of squamous cell carcinoma, but not the risk of adenocarcinoma. 46) If these proposals are correct, the association of cigarette smoking with adenocarcinoma must be much greater than has been reported previously. Indeed, it was reported recently from the US that the relative risk of current smokers versus nonsmokers for adenocarcinoma was greater in a recent cohort study (19.0 for males and 8.1 for females) than in a study conducted two decades ago (4.6 for males and 1.5 for females).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trends of Lung Cancer Incidence by Histologic Type: A Population‐based Study in Osaka, Japan

Sobue

Ajiki

Tsukuma

et al. 1999

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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We investigated trends of lung cancer incidence from 1974 to 1993 by histologic type, using data from the population-based cancer registry in Osaka, Japan. Since the proportion of cases with histologic types identified was not sufficiently high, sex-and age-specific incidence rates by histologic types were estimated assuming that the distribution of histologic types was the same across the same sex and age group regardless of reporting status. Cumulative risk from 0 to 74 years old for total lung cancer increased 1.3-fold from the period 1974-77 to 1986-89 and then plateaued in the period 1990-93 for both males and females. When divided into histologic types, cumulative risk for incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was almost constant during the study period for both males and females. During the same period, adenocarcinoma increased up to 1.4-fold for both males and females. This increase seemed to have reached a plateau recently for males, but not for females. Small cell carcinoma increased monotonously up to 1.6-to 1.7-fold for both males and females. Large cell carcinoma showed over 2-fold increase for both males and females; however, the estimates fluctuated due to the small number of cases. This study provides further evidence of a relative increase of adenocarcinoma compared to squamous cell carcinoma. Recent trends of tapering increase of lung cancer incidence should be confirmed by further observation.Key words: Lung cancer -Histologic type -Incidence -Trend -Smoking Recent trends of lung cancer incidence are showing different patterns by country. 1) In the US and UK, where lung cancer incidences were relatively high and smoking control has been successfully implemented, incidence of lung cancer in males has reached a peak and now is in the decreasing phase, starting from younger age groups. In contrast, in Eastern Europe, where smoking control has been less successful, the incidence is still increasing. These trends have been greatly influenced by the trends of smoking prevalence. It is well known that the magnitude of association between lung cancer and cigarette smoking differs by histologic types. Squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma show a 10-to 20-fold increase among current smokers compared to non-smokers, while adenocarcinoma shows a 2-to 5-fold increase.2) Therefore, smoking prevalence influences the trends of incidences differently among histologic types.In the US and Europe, several hospital-based studies, [3][4][5][6] autopsy series 7) and population-based studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] have examined the trends of lung cancer incidence by histologic type. In Asian countries there have been hospitalbased studies, [17][18][19][20] and a population-based study. 21) Most of the studies showed a relative increase of adenocarcinoma as compared to squamous cell carcinoma in both males and females, especially in younger age groups. Lung cancer incidence in Japan has been relatively low compared to other countries. It is reported that cumulative risk (0-74 years old) of lung c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trends of Lung Cancer Incidence by Histologic Type: A Population‐based Study in Osaka, Japan

Sobue

Ajiki

Tsukuma

et al. 1999

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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“…At the same time, filtered cigarettes with substantially reduced "tar" and nicotine yields have dominated the market. 36 The smoke of modern cigarettes contains higher concentrations of nitrosamines that primarily predispose to adenocarcinoma as opposed to other cell types. 36 The decrease in tars and the increase in nitrosamines appear to be the cause of the recent change of dominant cell type from squamous cell to adenocarcinoma.…”

Section: Risk Factors Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 The smoke of modern cigarettes contains higher concentrations of nitrosamines that primarily predispose to adenocarcinoma as opposed to other cell types. 36 The decrease in tars and the increase in nitrosamines appear to be the cause of the recent change of dominant cell type from squamous cell to adenocarcinoma. Since the 1970s in the United States, adenocarcinoma as a percentage of all lung carcinomas has nearly doubled in men and increased from 25% to 33% in women, among whom adenocarcinoma has long been the most commonly diagnosed histologic type.…”

Section: Risk Factors Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Lung Cancer

McErlean¹,

Ginsberg

2011

Seminars in Roentgenology

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“…Epidemiological studies of lung cancer (Harris, Thun, Mondul, & Calle, 2004;Stellman, Muscat, Thompson, Hoffman, & Wynder, 1997;Thun & Burns, 2001) and peripheral arterial disease (Powell, Edwards, Worrell, Franks, Greenhalgh, & Poulter, 1997) show no health benefits of low-tar cigarettes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking ad-Vantage of lax advertising regulation in the USA and Canada: Reassuring and distracting health-concerned smokers

Anderson

Pollay²,

Ling

2006

Social Science & Medicine

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We explored the evolution from cigarette product attributes to psychosocial needs in advertising campaigns for low-tar cigarettes. Analysis of previously secret tobacco industry documents and print advertising images indicated that low-tar brands targeted smokers who were concerned about their health with advertising images intended to distract them from the health hazards of smoking. Advertising first emphasized product characteristics (filtration, low tar) that implied health benefits. Over time, advertising emphasis shifted to salient psychosocial needs of the target markets. A case study of Vantage in the USA and Canada showed that advertising presented images of intelligent, upward-striving people who had achieved personal success and intentionally excluded the act of smoking from the imagery, while minimal product information was provided.This illustrates one strategy to appeal to concerned smokers by not describing the product itself (which may remind smokers of the problems associated with smoking) but instead using evocative imagery to distract smokers from these problems. Current advertising for potential reduced-exposure products (PREPs) emphasizes product characteristics, but these products have not delivered on the promise of a healthier alternative cigarette. Our results suggest that the tobacco control community should be on the alert for a shift in advertising focus for PREPs to the image of the user rather than the cigarette. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-style advertising bans that prohibit all user imagery in tobacco advertising could preempt a psychosocial needs-based advertising strategy for PREPs and maintain public attention on the health hazards of smoking. Abstract word count: 243

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Risk of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to lifetime filter cigarette smoking

Cited by 158 publications

References 31 publications

Trends of Lung Cancer Incidence by Histologic Type: A Population‐based Study in Osaka, Japan

Trends of Lung Cancer Incidence by Histologic Type: A Population‐based Study in Osaka, Japan

Epidemiology of Lung Cancer

Taking ad-Vantage of lax advertising regulation in the USA and Canada: Reassuring and distracting health-concerned smokers

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