Risk of Subsequent Hypertension and Diabetes in Women With Hypertension During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes

Hwu, Lien-Jen; Sung, Fung‐Chang; Mou, Chih-Hsin; Wang, I‐Kuan; Shih, Hsin-Hsin; Chang, Yin-Yi; Tzeng, Ya‐Ling

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.05.017

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Regarding sex factors, women at an advanced age had a higher risk of increased blood pressure after delivery, which is consistent with ndings concerning women with previous GDM in Taiwan (19). This might be because the metabolic and vascular environment deteriorate with age, thus increasing the risk of increased blood pressure (53).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Sex and Gender Determinants of Increased Blood Pressure Among Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural China

Guo

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the long-term risk of hypertension and cardiovascular events for mothers later in life but has not been well recognized by nurses. The aims of the study were to describe the proportion of increased blood pressure in rural women with previous GDM and to explore the sex (biological) and gender (sociocultural) factors that contribute to the increased blood pressure.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey including 397 women with previous GDM was conducted in rural areas of Central South of China between November 2017 and June 2018. The variables of sex (e.g., age, ethnicity, family history of hypertension, time since delivery, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, body mass index, and waist circumference) and gender (education, occupation, income, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, sedentary time, perceived stress, and general self-efficacy) were collected on research site. Increased blood pressure referred to systolic blood pressure of ≥130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure of ≥85 mm Hg. Logistic regression was performed to recognize the sex and gender factors associated with increased blood pressure. Results: There were nearly 20% (78/397) of participants first found increased blood pressure. Among those participants who had increased blood pressure, advanced age, a family history of hypertension, and abnormal 2-h plasma glucose levels were sex-related factors associating with the increased blood pressure (P < 0.05), while obesity indicators (body mass index and waist circumference) were not associated (P > 0.05). General self-efficacy, a gender factor, had a protective relationship with increased blood pressure (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased blood pressure is prevalent in rural Chinese women with previous GDM. Both sex and gender are determinants. Interventions promoting glycemic status and general self-efficacy are promising to improve their cardiovascular health later in life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…For example, Hispanic women with previous GDM tend to be easier to develop hypertension than Caucasian women (18). In Taiwan, compared with younger women with previous GDM, women at an advanced age had a higher risk for hypertension (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Determinants of Increased Blood Pressure Among Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural China

Guo

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Poor glycemic control increases adverse infant outcomes as well 25 – 32 . Pregnant women may also experience both HDP and GDM 33 – 36 . Women with HDP or those with both HDP and GDM are at elevated risk for subsequent hypertension and DM after delivery 33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-based study on birth outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus

Lin

Pai

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To evaluate birth outcomes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we used insurance data of Taiwan to evaluate 11 adverse neonatal outcomes of infants born to women with HDP (N = 7775) and with both HDP and GDM (HDP/GDM) (N = 1946), comparing to women with neither disorder (N = 19,442), matched by age. The impacts of preeclampsia/eclampsia were also evaluated. Results showed that Caesarean section delivery was near 1.7-fold greater in the HDP/GDM and HDP groups than in comparisons. The preterm delivery rates were more than threefold greater in HDP/GDM group and HDP group than in comparisons with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 4.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.34–5.40) and 3.92 (95% CI 3.65–4.21), respectively, followed by jaundice (aORs 2.95 (95% CI 2.63–3.33) and 1.90 (95% CI 1.76–2.06)), and small gestation age (SGA) (aORs 6.57 (95% CI 5.56–7.75) and 5.81 (95% CI 5.15–6.55)). Incidence rates of birth trauma, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal hypoglycemia were also higher in the HDP/GDM and HDP groups than in the comparison group. Most adverse outcomes increased further in women with preeclampsia or eclampsia. In conclusion, women with HDP are at elevated risks of adverse neonatal outcomes. Risks of most adverse outcomes increase further for women with both HDP and GDM. Preeclampsia or eclampsia may also contribute to these outcomes to higher risk levels. Every pregnant woman with these conditions deserves specialized prenatal care.

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“…In China, HDP occur in 4%‐11% of pregnant women . HDP have been associated with adverse health outcomes for both mothers and children, including subsequent hypertension and chronic kidney disease for mothers, childhood overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . Therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors associated with HDP during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid autoantibodies in pregnancy are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study

Yan

Mao

et al. 2018

Clinical Endocrinology

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Risk of Subsequent Hypertension and Diabetes in Women With Hypertension During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes

Abstract: Subsequent hypertension and DM risks are greater in women with HDP/GDM than in women with HDP only compared with women without these complications. Younger women with HDP/GDM should be particularly cautious.

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Sex and Gender Determinants of Increased Blood Pressure Among Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural China

Sex and Gender Determinants of Increased Blood Pressure Among Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural China

Population-based study on birth outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus

Thyroid autoantibodies in pregnancy are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study

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