Risk of venous thromboembolic disease in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy

Ruszkowska, Barbara; Gadomska, Grażyna; Bielis, Liliana; Gruszka, M.; Góralczyk, Barbara; Rość, Danuta; Odrowąż-Sypniewska, Grażyna

doi:10.1631/jzus.b1000106

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Blood pressure and body mass index were measured at the beginning of the study in all the study groups. The systolic blood pressure range was 120 ± 19 mmHg, the diastolic blood pressure 74 ± 15 mmHg, and the body mass index range was 21.0 ± 3.5 kg/m 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Adiponectin and endothelial markers in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone therapy

Ruszkowska

Sokup

Kulwas

et al. 2013

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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Reduced levels of soluble E-selectin in women using menopausal hormone therapy could lead to reduction in the intensity of expression of the adhesion factors on the surface of the vascular endothelium. Menopausal hormone therapy might have advantageous effects on vascular endothelial function through adiponectin. Transdermal therapy may have adverse effects associated with elevated tissue activator plasminogen antigen levels and thereby the higher risk of ischemic heart disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The women used HT for 6–14 months. The main indications for HT were reported climacteric symptoms such as heavy and regular hot flashes with drenching sweat .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin and endothelial markers in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone therapy

Ruszkowska

Sokup

Kulwas

et al. 2013

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…Estrogen administered in postmenopausal hormonal therapy a ects directly the biosynthesis and secretion of PAI-1 [30]; however, the progestin component may reduce the benecial e ects of estrogen on the brinolytic system [31]. Ruszkowska et al [32] reported that the route of administration of postmenopausal hormonal therapy had a signi cant e ect on the concentration of PAI-1:Ag in the blood. Higher levels of PAI-1:Ag were found in women who used transdermal postmenopausal hormonal therapy than in those who received oral postmenopausal hormonal therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher levels of PAI-1:Ag were found in women who used transdermal postmenopausal hormonal therapy than in those who received oral postmenopausal hormonal therapy. Other studies [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] demonstrated that oral postmenopausal hormonal therapy signi cantly reduced the levels of PAI-1 (by up to 50%); however, no such signi cant change was associated with transdermal postmenopausal hormonal therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Plasma and Tissue Fibrinolytic Activity in a Rat Model of Surgically Induced Menopause

Topçuoğlu¹,

Albayrak²,

Erman³

et al. 2014

CIM

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Purpose: e purpose of this study was to analyze the e ects of estrogen de ciency and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on brinolytic activity in a rat mode of surgicallyinduced menopause.Methods: Twelve-week-old, sexually mature female Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into four groups: (1) sham-operated group, (2) ovariectomy group, (3) ovariectomy group followed by oral administration of daily 17β-estradiol (0.02 mg/kg/day) (E2) + norethisterone acetate (0.01 mg/kg/day), and (4) ovariectomy group followed by oral administration of daily 17β-estradiol (0.01 mg/kg/ day) + drospirenone (0.02 mg/kg/day). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, and PAI-1/tPA levels were measured as markers of brinolysis in plasma and liver and brain tissue.Results: Compared with sham-operated rats, ovariectomized rats showed higher levels of brinolytic activity; however, the increased brinolytic activity in plasma and liver tissue was signi cantly reduced by HRT regimens. No change was observed in the levels of brinolytic activity in brain tissue.Conclusions: HRT showed bene cial e ects by decreasing brinolytic activity related to surgically-induced menopause. Short-term HRT treatment was associated with a shi in the procoagulant-anticoagulant balance toward a procoagulant state.

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Feminizing gender‐affirming hormone therapy for the transgender and gender diverse population: An overview of treatment modality, monitoring, and risks

Sudhakar

Huang

Zietkowski

et al. 2022

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Aims Feminizing gender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) can be utilized to help transfeminine transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals achieve the transformation of outward sex characteristics, thereby leading to improvements in psychological and social well‐being. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize current guidelines for feminizing GAHT management as well as the available literature describing the associated health risks pertaining to cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic disease, bone health, and cancer risks. Methods Relevant literature from January 2019 through July 2022 pertaining to feminizing GAHT was identified using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. A narrative summary was performed with the inclusion of more recently published guidance from the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, Standards of Care Version 8. Results Guidance regarding the prescribing of feminizing GAHT with estrogen, antiandrogen, and progesterone medications is summarized along with considerations of the cardiovascular, thromboembolic, bone health, and cancer risks associated with these therapies. Conclusions Feminizing GAHT is a highly effective method for transfeminine TGD patients to achieve medically necessary changes in secondary sex characteristics. Knowledge of the health risks of feminizing GAHT is largely drawn from research in the cisgender population, with a growing body of literature in TGD‐specific patient populations. Feminizing GAHT appears to carry a low risk profile for most patients; however, further research describing the risks of hormone management around the time of gender‐affirming surgery and in the aging TGD population is needed to optimize GAHT in the context of the evolving health risks over a TGD patient's lifespan.

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Risk of venous thromboembolic disease in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy

Abstract: In this study, the occurrence of an increased TF concentration simultaneously with a decreased concentration of TFPI in women taking HRT indicates hypercoagulability. No significant modification of TAT or D-dimer occurred, and thus there may not be increased risk of thrombosis.

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Adiponectin and endothelial markers in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone therapy

Adiponectin and endothelial markers in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone therapy

Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Plasma and Tissue Fibrinolytic Activity in a Rat Model of Surgically Induced Menopause

Feminizing gender‐affirming hormone therapy for the transgender and gender diverse population: An overview of treatment modality, monitoring, and risks

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