Risk preference and child labor: Econometric evidence

Frempong, Raymond Boadi; Stadelmann, David

doi:10.1111/rode.12746

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This study is constrained to measure risk aversion as a binary variable as opposed to an ordinal measure with different levels of risk aversion due to the nature of the question asked in the survey. Studies such as Frempong and Stadelmann [ 48 ], Adjei-Mantey and Horioka [ 49 ], Adjei-Mantey and Takeuchi [ 50 ] used a similar measure of risk preference. The GLSS7 particularly used binary lottery scenarios instead of experiments to avoid making assumptions about the utility functions of the individuals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual risk preference as a predictor of health behaviour: evidence from the use of condoms against HIV/AIDS in Ghana

Gbogbolu,

Nketiah-Amponsah

2023

BMC Public Health

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Background It is evident that public health education interventions to promote the use of condoms against HIV infections in Ghana have yielded modest results. However, existing studies in the field of sexual and reproductive health in Ghana have failed to account for differences in risk preferences of individuals. This study fills the gap by investigating how individuals' risk preferences predict their behaviour toward using condoms against HIV in Ghana. Method Conceptually, the study followed the Grossman health capital theoretical model for risk preference and health behaviour nexus. Data were obtained from the most recent Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 7 (GLSS 7), conducted in 2017. Using data from GLSS 7, a probit regression model was estimated to show how the risk preferences of individuals that did not abstain from sex predicted their use of condoms against HIV. To ensure robustness, two scenarios of declared risk preferences were used to predict the use of condom behaviour against HIV. Results Probit regression estimation shows that the risk preferences of individuals that did not abstain from sex significantly predicted their use of condoms against HIV in Ghana. Even though the study found that the predicted probability of using a condom reduces among risk-averse individuals that do not abstain from sex, not using a condom against HIV was found to be worse among risk lovers. Conclusion The study provides empirical evidence that public health education against HIV/AIDS in Ghana cannot continue to ignore the risk preference of individuals. The results of this study have immediate implications, first for a comprehensive and continuous measurement of risk preferences among Ghanaians in major household surveys going forward. At the moment, the latest round of the GLSS is just about the only household survey in Ghana that has attempted to collect some data on individual time and risk preferences using only hypothetical monetary rewards. Second is the immediate consideration of individual risk preferences in public health education campaigns against HIV/AIDS in Ghana.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual risk preference as a predictor of health behaviour: evidence from the use of condoms against HIV/AIDS in Ghana

Gbogbolu,

Nketiah-Amponsah

2023

BMC Public Health

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“…The remaining independent variables used in the study were informed by existing empirical literature to have effect on child education (Stipek & Hoffman, 1980;Murray, Arteche, Fearon, Halligan, Croudace & Cooper, 2010;Kassarnig, Bjerre-Nielsen, Mones, Lehmann, & Lassen, 2017;Afoakwah, 2020;Wang, Li, Zhang, Zhou, & Huang, 2020;Frempong & Stadelmann, 2021;Koomson & Afoakwah, 2023;Kofinti et al, 2022;Nunoo et al, 2023 ). A summary of variable description has been presented in Table A in the appendix.…”

Section: Risk Preference (Rp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This appalling condition has spurred the interest of policy makers and scholars to investigate the possible causes and to suggest solutions to mitigating the poor learning outcomes. In developing countries, aside socio-economic factors, empirical studies have attributed the poor learning outcomes to factors such as lack of teaching resources and learning materials (Mupa & Chinooneka, 2015); malnutrition and child health (Glewwe & Miguel, 2007); dearth of health financing programmes ( Kofinti, Baako-Amponsah, & Danso, 2022); poverty and loss of confidence in education (Imoro, 2010;Koomson & Afoakwah, 2023); child labour (Heady, 2000;Frempong & Stadelmann, 2021); underdeveloped school infrastructure (Chowa, Masa, Ramos & Ansong, 2015); and longer distance travelled to and from school and teacher absenteeism (Afoakwah & Koomson, 2021;Nunoo, Taale, Sebu, & Adama, 2023). However, studies in advanced countries like Italy, Germany, USA, and Mexico have alluded that the risk attitudes of households are key contributing factors to the poor educational outcomes of children (Brown, Ortiz Nunez, & Taylor, 2006;Checchi, Fsiorio, & Leonardi, 2014;Mu & Du, 2017;Sovero, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Preference and Child Learning outcomes: A Study on Ghana

Mefful,

Nunoo,

Kofinti

2024

Preprint

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Human capital investment is noted to increase labour market success and future welfare security. But empirical studies have established that investment in human capital formation is a risky venture. Consequently, the risk preference of funders is pivotal in influencing the optimal allocation of household’s scarce resources in educational investment. Against this backdrop, we leveraged the seventh round of Ghana Living Standards Survey data to explore the relationship between parental risk preference and child learning outcomes. The instrumental variable estimation technique was employed to solve the endogeneity problem associated with the two variables. We found that parental risk preference is a significant determinant of children’s learning outcomes in Ghana given that children from risk loving homes have better learning outcomes. In addition, risk loving homes have better learning outcomes for girls and public-school children compared to boys and private school attendees. Further, children from risk-loving female headed households have better learning outcomes compared to children from risk-loving male headed households. Finally, risk loving households spend more on the education of their children than risk averse households. Our empirical test also showed that household expenditure on child education is the channel through which risk preference influence the learning outcome of children. We therefore recommend that policy makers implement programs that induce risk loving attitudes in parents. JEL Classification: JELI22, JEL I20, JEL I21, JEL J24, JEL D81

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“…It is much better to increase the age limit and to impose other restrictions to avoid having children of a tender age work on the farm. According to Frempong and Stadelmann (2021), child labour may also be motivated by the desire to enhance the expected income the entire family will receive from the child. The family's average income eventually increases daily with the income of the child who works, resulting in child labour.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

My Work Affects My Studies! Lived Experiences of Elementary Pupils Engaged in Farm Work and the Teachers Who Handle Them

2024

FeD

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Utilising a phenomenological research design employing unstructured in-depth interviews, this study investigated the lived experiences of elementary school students engaged in farm work and the teachers overseeing them, focusing specifically on the impacts of farm work on their schooling. Six teachers and six pupils from grades four to six at a rural elementary school in an agricultural area in the Philippines agreed to participate in the interviews. Digitally recorded interviews were thematically analysed to generate the themes and sub-themes. Unlike the majority of previous studies, this present study included both the perspectives of students and teachers. The study considered the actual experiences of the children and the teachers' conceptualisations of an ideal educational experience for students. The study aimed to fill the gap by forming a synthesis with these two different perspectives. The researchers generated three themes: poor academic performance, mechanisms for reinforcement of learning, and imbalance between school responsibilities and daily lives. The results highlighted that farm work negatively affected the academic lives of elementary school pupils, leading to poor grades and increased absenteeism. Meanwhile, teachers faced challenges in delivering and reinforcing learning materials due to the frequent absenteeism of the students. In conclusion, the demands of farm work hinder pupils' educational progress and their ability to benefit from classroom instruction fully. For future research, it would be helpful to extend the current findings by examining the parents’ perceptions since this study focused only on the experiences of elementary pupils and elementary teachers’ perspectives regarding the effects of farm work on academic life.

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Risk preference and child labor: Econometric evidence

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Individual risk preference as a predictor of health behaviour: evidence from the use of condoms against HIV/AIDS in Ghana

Individual risk preference as a predictor of health behaviour: evidence from the use of condoms against HIV/AIDS in Ghana

Risk Preference and Child Learning outcomes: A Study on Ghana

My Work Affects My Studies! Lived Experiences of Elementary Pupils Engaged in Farm Work and the Teachers Who Handle Them

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