“…Most current scholars study climate change's impact on a single industry or market, such as banking, stocks, bonds, commodities and foreign exchange markets, real estate, and energy assets [17][18][19]. As for the study of pan-financial systems composed of multiple markets, scholars are currently using the network approach to study the risk contagion among nine sub-markets in traditional financial market, real estate, and commodities market [4], as well as studying the systemic risk spillover effects among China's oil, gold, real estate, and financial sectors, or studying the risk dependence between the banks and the energy sector, the development of the low-carbon transition has led to a more pronounced risk dependence of the banking sector on the new energy sector than on the traditional energy sector [20], but is limited to the study of risk contagion between pan-financial sectors, and there are also scholars who have introduced temperature difference as an exogenous shock and used a network approach to study the impact on the systemic risk of macro-financials (equities, commodities, currencies, and bonds), and have found that climate risk not only affects a single financial market, but also triggers a synergistic movement of risk, exacerbating potential systemic financial risks. Flori et al [21] argued that climate risk negatively affects the financial sector, leading to macroeconomic downturns and that the subsectors in the financial system are closely interconnected and interact with each other, further increasing the risk exposures of the financial sector.…”