Risk stratification by long non‐coding RNAs profiling in COVID‐19 patients

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has become a global pandemic worldwide. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subclass of endogenous, non‐protein‐coding RNA, which lacks an open reading frame and is more than 200 nucleotides in length. However, the functions for lncRNAs in COVID‐19 have not been unravelled. The present study aimed at identifying the related lncRNAs based on RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection as well as health individuals. Overall, 17 severe, 12 non‐severe patients and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Firstly, we reported some altered lncRNAs between severe, non‐severe COVID‐19 patients and healthy controls. Next, we developed a 7‐lncRNA panel with a good differential ability between severe and non‐severe COVID‐19 patients using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Finally, we observed that COVID‐19 is a heterogeneous disease among which severe COVID‐19 patients have two subtypes with similar risk score and immune score based on lncRNA panel using iCluster algorithm. As the roles of lncRNAs in COVID‐19 have not yet been fully identified and understood, our analysis should provide valuable resource and information for the future studies.

Long Noncoding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of COVID-19

“…Previous studies have confirmed that lncRNAs are differentially expressed in patients with SARS-CoV-2, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of the disease. Cheng J et al reported altered lncRNAs between severe COVID-19 patients, non-severe COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (100). The findings showed that lncRNA GATA5 was significantly elevated in severe condition, indicating that the expression level of GATA5 was positively correlated with COVID-19 severity.…”

“…Cheng J et al. reported altered lncRNAs between severe COVID-19 patients, non-severe COVID-19 patients and healthy controls ( 100 ). The findings showed that lncRNA GATA5 was significantly elevated in severe condition, indicating that the expression level of GATA5 was positively correlated with COVID-19 severity.…”

A micro‑peptide encoded by HOXB‑AS3 promotes the proliferation and viability of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines by directly binding with IGF2BP2 to stabilize c‑Myc

“…OSCC is one of the most common malignancies worldwide ( 1 ). Although many risk factors, such as alcohol addiction and HPV infections, have been reported to be involved in the tumourigenesis and progression of OSCC ( 15 ), genomic mutations in PTEN and AKT lead to the uncontrolled phosphorylation of AKT and thus promote the proliferation of OSCC ( 16 , 17 ). Oncogenic amplification, such as in the epidermal growth factor receptor promotes the activation of downstream signaling and eventually promotes OSCC survival ( 18 ).…”

Genome interaction of the virus and the host genes and non-coding RNAs in SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…The combination of the transcript levels of VDR, CYP27B, SNHG6, SNHG16, Linc00511 and Linc00346 can differentiate patients from controls with high specificity (Nicknafs et al, 2021; Taheri et al, 2021 ). Another lncRNA panel consisting of AC010904.2, AC012065.4, AL365203.2, AC010175.1, LINC00562, AC010536.1 and AP005671.1 presents a good differential ability between severe and nonsevere COVID-19 patients ( Cheng et al, 2021 ).…”