Risk stratification of pancreatic cancer by a blood test for apolipoprotein A2-isoforms

Honda, Kazufumi

doi:10.3233/cbm-210198

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is because the ApoA2-ATQ level can be significantly affected by pancreatic enzymes which are secreted insufficiently during the pancreatic exocrine disease (Hayasaki et al, 2019). Individuals with surgically-curable PC can also be identified by detecting serum level of ApoA2-I (Honda, 2022). While ApoA2-ATQ/AT is mainly used to detect early PC, ApoE can be a marker for PC at an advanced stage.…”

Section: Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoproteins: New players in cancers

Chen²,

Ma³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Apolipoproteins (APOs), the primary protein moiety of lipoproteins, are known for their crucial role in lipid traffic and metabolism. Despite extensive exploration of APOs in cardiovascular diseases, their roles in cancers did not attract enough attention. Recently, research focusing on the roles of APOs in cancers has flourished. Multiple studies demonstrate the interaction of APOs with classical pathways of tumorigenesis. Besides, the dysregulation of APOs may indicate cancer occurrence and progression, thus serving as potential biomarkers for cancer patients. Herein, we summarize the mechanisms of APOs involved in the development of various cancers, their applications as cancer biomarkers and their genetic polymorphism associated with cancer risk. Additionally, we also discuss the potential anti-cancer therapies by virtue of APOs. The comprehensive review of APOs in cancers may advance the understanding of the roles of APOs in cancers and their potential mechanisms. We hope that it will provide novel clues and new therapeutic strategies for cancers.

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Section: Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoproteins: New players in cancers

Chen²,

Ma³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…ApoA-II has a major isoform with pI 5 and several minor isoforms that are either more basic or more acidic than the major isoform [ 39 ]. The five circulating apoA-II dimeric isoforms are -ATQ/-ATQ (apoA-II-1, 17.380 Da), -ATQ/-AT (apoA-II-2, 17.252 Da), -AT/-AT (apoA-II-3, 17.124 Da), -AT/-A (apoA-II-4, 17.023 Da), and -A/-A (apoA-II-5, 16.922 Da), and they are identified both in healthy individuals and in individuals with various pathologies [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ] ( Table 2 ). For example, -ATQ/-AT isoform has a low level of expression in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatic cancer [ 56 , 57 , 59 ], while -ATQ/-ATQ isoform has an elevated level in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis [ 56 ].…”

Section: Apoa-ii Expression and Structural-functional Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein A-II, a Player in Multiple Processes and Diseases

et al. 2022

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Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, playing an important role in lipid metabolism. Human and murine apoA-II proteins have dissimilar properties, partially because human apoA-II is dimeric whereas the murine homolog is a monomer, suggesting that the role of apoA-II may be quite different in humans and mice. As a component of HDL, apoA-II influences lipid metabolism, being directly or indirectly involved in vascular diseases. Clinical and epidemiological studies resulted in conflicting findings regarding the proatherogenic or atheroprotective role of apoA-II. Human apoA-II deficiency has little influence on lipoprotein levels with no obvious clinical consequences, while murine apoA-II deficiency causes HDL deficit in mice. In humans, an increased plasma apoA-II concentration causes hypertriglyceridemia and lowers HDL levels. This dyslipidemia leads to glucose intolerance, and the ensuing high blood glucose enhances apoA-II transcription, generating a vicious circle that may cause type 2 diabetes (T2D). ApoA-II is also used as a biomarker in various diseases, such as pancreatic cancer. Herein, we provide a review of the most recent findings regarding the roles of apoA-II and its functions in various physiological processes and disease states, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, amyloidosis, hepatitis, insulin resistance, obesity, and T2D.

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“…In addition, several other cyst fluid protein analysis markers [soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), CA72-4, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and interleukin (IL)-4] have been proposed [ 70 ]. The apolipoprotein A2-isoforms (apoA2-i) blood test is a promising biomarker to identify individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer that may be in a curative stage [ 71 ]. Some microRNAs (miR-31-5p, miR-483-5p, miR-99a-5p, and miR-375) have been correlated with the malignant progression of IPMNs and may contribute to the discrimination of malignant from benign neoplasms [ 72 ].…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apolipoprotein A2-isoforms (apoA2-i) blood test is a promising biomarker to identify individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer that may be in a curative stage [71].…”

Section:  Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern aspects of the management of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: a narrative review

Pavlidis

Sapalidis²,

Pavlidis³

2022

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) account for approximately 35% of all cystic tumors in the pancreas and represent the largest subgroup. They are characterized by mucin production and intraductal papillary epithelium growth. IPMNs range from benign to malignant lesions. Biomarkers combined with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (18FDG–PET) is the best diagnostic tool. The risk of malignant transformation for main-duct IPMNs is between 34–68% and for low-risk branch-duct (BD)-IPMNs it is 1.1%. Monitoring is crucial for determining the optimal time of surgical excision. Novel artificial intelligence combining clinical, tumor biomarkers, imaging and molecular genomics plays a determinant role in the evaluation of such lesions. The first diagnostic tool is multidetector helical computed tomography (MDHCT) or up-to-date magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI detects malignancy by enhancing mural nodules ≥3 mm. Novel endosonographic interventional techniques have been added to the diagnostic armamentarium. Pancreatoscopy is feasible and effective but challenging for evaluating the diagnosis, invasiveness, and extent of IPMNs. Its findings may change the surgical approach. Pancreatic juice and duodenal fluid have been used recently for molecular biological analysis. The genes most frequently altered include Kirsten rat sarcoma viral proto-oncogene (KRAS), tumor protein p53 (TP53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4), and guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating (GNAS). Despite the advances in diagnostic modalities, assessment of this premalignant lesion of pancreatic cancer, with its poor prognosis, is a challenging task. Pancreatectomy is the indicated approach for malignant or high-risk IPMNs with potent malignancy. Conservative management or enucleation for preserving the pancreas of low-risk BD-IPMNs is recommended, but long-term follow-up for recurrence is necessary. The management of IPMNs must be individualized based on preoperative high-risk stigmata and worrisome features.

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Risk stratification of pancreatic cancer by a blood test for apolipoprotein A2-isoforms

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Apolipoproteins: New players in cancers

Apolipoproteins: New players in cancers

Apolipoprotein A-II, a Player in Multiple Processes and Diseases

Modern aspects of the management of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: a narrative review

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