“…The research on natural disasters (including earthquakes, famines, floods, hurricanes, and tsunamis) suggests that such shocks increase risk aversion (Cameron and Shah, 2015; Cassar et al, 2011; Chantarat et al, 2015; Samphantharak and Chantarat, 2015; van den Berg et al, 2009), decrease risk aversion (Bchir and Willinger, 2013; Eckel et al, 2009; Hanaoka et al, 2014; Ingwersen, 2014; Page et al, 2014; Willinger et al, 2013), have no effect at all on risk preferences (Becchetti et al, 2012), or have no consistent effect on risk preferences (Said et al, 2015); increase impatience (Bchir and Willinger, 2013; Cassar et al, 2011; Sawada and Kuroishi, 2015), decrease impatience (Callen, 2011; Chantarat et al, 2015), or have no consistent effect on time preferences (Willinger et al, 2013); increase trust (Cassar et al, 2011), decrease trust (Chantarat et al, 2015), or have no effect on the level of trust (Andrabi and Das, 2010); decrease trustworthiness (Fleming et al, 2014); and increase altruism (Becchetti et al, 2012; Chantarat et al, 2015), decrease altruism (Samphantharak and Chantarat, 2015), or have no consistent effect on altruism (Afzal et al, 2015). 10 …”