Risk to Onion (Allium cepa L.) Field Cultivation in Poland from Precipitation Deficiency

Abstract

The onion is the most common vegetable cultivated in Poland and yield is marked by high year to year variability. The yield quantity is predominantly affected by variable meteorological conditions, especially by precipitation deficiency. Data were collected from the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management for the period 1966-2005 to evaluate the effect of precipitation conditions on the yield of onions (Allium cepa L.) cultivated in Poland using multiple regression analysis. Verification of the curvilinear regression equation was conducted on the basis of relative forecast error and average relative forecast error. For this equation the ARFE amounted to 9.6%. The threshold precipitation value, i.e. the value at which reduction by at least 5% of the total yield occurs, was determined by curvilinear regression. Reduction of potential yield caused by precipitation deficiency and the frequency of precipitation deficiency were determined. Reductions of at least 5% in the average domestic onion yield in Poland occurred when atmospheric precipitation was ? 183 mm. This level of precipitation constituted 87% of the norm and took place in the period between the end of emergence to the beginning of leaf bending. Potential reduction in onion yield in Poland caused by precipitation deficiency in this period varied between 9 and 18%. In Poland, the frequency of atmospheric precipitation deficiency between 1966 to 2005 varied from 10% in the south-east to 50% in the central west and north west. The average frequency of atmospheric precipitation deficiency amounted to about 37%.

The Adverse Effect of the Long-Term Trend of the Air Temperature in Poland on the Yield of Onion

“…Expected changes in the thermal conditions in Poland against the established thermal requirements of the onion, different in its individual stages of development, were the main reasons behind our research on the effect of air temperature on onion yield. The findings of this paper are supplemented by our other publications on how onion yield in Poland is influenced by precipitation (Kalbarczyk et al, 2011) and by meteorological conditions (temperature, radiation and precipitation) taken as a whole .…”

“…As the year-on-year variation depends mainly on weather conditions (variable in time and space), including the air temperature conditions (Mierwinski, 1985;Cieślak-Wojtaszek, 2000;Kalbarczyk et al, 2011), the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the air temperature in the critical period on the volatility of the total yield of onions in Poland.…”

Evaluation of vegetable–faba bean (Vicia faba L.) intercropping under Latvian agro‐ecological conditions

“…Since almost 65% of the faba bean root system is located at a depth of 0.15 m, and its water demand is high, the competing ability of faba bean is quite strong for onion . The sensitiveness of onion to water deficiency has been already reported by Kalbartcyk et al ., under Polish agro‐climatic conditions, which supports the relatively low yield of onions in faba bean intercropping …”

“…35 The sensitiveness of onion to water deficiency has been already reported by Kalbartcyk et al, under Polish agro-climatic conditions, which supports the relatively low yield of onions in faba bean intercropping. 36 Carrot yield in the intercropped variants established in 2015 was 1.75 and 1.65 kg m −2 for 'VF_001' and 'VF_002', respectively, which is not under the average yield. Even if recalculated as monocrop, the yields (2.63 and 2.50 kg m −2 , respectively) are lower than the average carrot yield in the region (2.83-7.0 kg m −2 ).…”

Precipitation variability, trends and regions in Poland: Temporal and spatial distribution in the years 1951–2018

“…Knowledge of precipitation variability is vital for many sectors of the economy. The sum of precipitation and its temporal distribution affect the functioning and development of, for example, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, water transport, hydropower generation and tourism, thereby influencing the quality of life in a given country (Kalbarczyk, Kalbarczyk and Raszka 2011;Marcinkowski and Piniewski 2018;Radzka, Jankowski and Jankowska 2019). Recognizing the degree of Pr variability is essential for climate risk management (Marković et al 2014;Šebenik, Brilly and Šraj 2017;Młyński, Cebulska and Wałęga 2018;Stefanova et al 2019;Ziernicka-Wojtaszek and Kopcińska 2020).…”